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目的对北京市大兴区市售部分食品农药残留的品种和残留量进行监测和分析,了解食品中农药的污染状况。方法 2007—2009年在区内随机抽取蔬菜、水果与茶叶等食品115份,检测有机磷、有机氯等农药残留量18项,拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量8项,氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量7项,将检测结果与国家相关标准对照。结果食品中农药残留量的检出率和超标率分别为29.6%和9.6%。叶类蔬菜、水果菇与茶叶类、瓜果豆类蔬菜检出率分别为45.5%、32.0%、2.9%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);在农药中乐果和联苯菊酯检出率最高,分别为5.2%和6.1%;对硫磷和三氯杀螨醇超标率最高,为3.5%(4/115)。结论大兴区市售蔬菜、水果与茶叶存在农药污染现象,在蔬菜中有违规使用对硫磷和三氯杀螨醇现象,拟除虫菊酯类农药在韭菜、油菜和水果中残留较高。应加强果蔬类在种植及销售环节的监测与安全管理,降低农药残留对人群的危害。
Objective To monitor and analyze the varieties and residues of pesticide residues in some foodstuffs sold in Daxing District, Beijing, so as to understand the pollution status of pesticides in foodstuffs. Methods A total of 115 foodstuffs such as vegetables, fruits and tea were randomly collected in the district from 2007 to 2009. 18 pesticide residues such as organophosphorus and organochlorine were determined, 8 pyrethroid pesticide residues, 8 carbamate pesticide residues 7, the test results with the relevant national standards. Results The detection rate of pesticide residues in food and the over-standard rate were 29.6% and 9.6% respectively. The detection rates of leafy vegetables, mushrooms and tea, fruits and vegetables were 45.5%, 32.0% and 2.9%, respectively, with significant difference (P = 0.000) The highest detection rates were 5.2% and 6.1%, respectively. The over-standard rate of parathion and dicofol was 3.5% (4/115). Conclusion There are pesticide pollution in vegetables, fruits and tea on the market in Daxing District. Paraquat and dicofol are used in vegetables irregularly. The pyrethroid pesticide residues in leek, rape and fruit are higher. The monitoring and safety management of fruits and vegetables at planting and sales should be strengthened so as to reduce the harm of pesticide residues to the population.