面对入世挑战,虽然各国都慎重研究,认真对待,一些国家经济由此取得了迅速发展,但一些国家为“入世”也付出了惨痛代价。突出表现在以下两方面:一、为了加快贸易自由化进程,一些国家大幅度削减关税,使得本国经济受到相应影响,一些产业和产品受到严重打击,有的甚至一蹶不振。菲律宾1992年的平均关税率仍然高达26%,而目前已降至10%左右,菲律宾政府更计划从2004年起将本国的关税水平统一降低到5%以下。由于失去关税的保护,入关后国外工业产品大量涌入菲律宾,使本国刚刚起步的工业受到巨大冲击。时至今日,菲律宾仍然缺乏独立的比较健全的工业体系,尤其是能源、矿冶、钢铁等“上游”产业没有得到有效发展,使得菲律宾经济依赖程度相当高。另外,汽车、电脑等“新兴”产业实际上仍然以装配为主,缺乏独立自主的生产能力。农业方面,大量进口农产品也对本国市场造成了冲击,尤其是肉类、奶类产品的进口更威胁到本国这些产业的生存。泰国为了最大限度地减少60、70年代实行进口替代的经济发展战略所带来的消极影响,按照入关议定书的规定,实行贸易自由化,大幅度削减进口关税,1982年平均关悦水平降为9.7%。由于关税收入下降,当年财 In the face of the challenges posed by the accession to the WTO, although all countries carefully study and take it seriously, the economies of some countries have witnessed rapid development. However, some countries have also paid a great price for their “WTO entry.” Outstanding performance in the following two aspects: First, in order to speed up the process of trade liberalization, a number of countries drastically cut tariffs, making its economy affected accordingly, some industries and products have been severely hit, and some even sluggish. The average tariff rate of the Philippines in 1992 is still as high as 26%, but it has now dropped to about 10%. The Philippine government plans to reduce the tariff level of its country below 5% from 2004 onwards. Due to the loss of tariff protection, the influx of a large number of foreign industrial products into the Philippines after the entry into the country has brought a huge impact on the industries in their infancy. Today, the Philippines still lacks an independent and relatively sound industrial system. In particular, the “upstream” industries such as energy, mining and metallurgy, steel and iron and steel have not been effectively developed, making the Philippine economy highly dependent. In addition, automobiles, computers and other “emerging” industries are still mainly assembly-based, lacking in independent production capacity. In agriculture, the massive import of agricultural products has also hit the domestic market. In particular, the import of meat and dairy products threatens the survival of these industries in their own country. In order to minimize the negative impact of implementing the economic strategy of import substitution in the 1960s and 1970s, Thailand liberalized its trade and drastically reduced its import tariffs in accordance with the entry protocol. The average level of customs clearance in 1982 dropped to 9.7%. As the tariff revenue dropped, then the money