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长期以来,撑竿跳高仅是男子的正式比赛项目,直到1995年国际田联才正式设立了女子撑竿跳高世界纪录,1997年巴黎世界室内田径锦标赛首次把女子撑竿跳高列为世界大赛的正式比赛项目。近几年来,世界各国普遍开始重视女子撑竿跳高项目的发展,世界级优秀运动员不断涌现,世界纪录屡被刷新,成绩增长极其迅速,从我国运动员孙彩云创造的第1个被承认的世界纪录4.05米,到目前美国运动员德拉吉拉创造的世界纪录4.81米,增长幅度已这76厘米。在短短的几年时间里,尽管女子撑竿跳高项目已经取得了长足的发展,但是,由于项目开展的时间相对较短,在技术上与男子相比仍然有很大的差距,女子撑竿跳高的成绩还有很大的增长空间。要实现女子撑竿跳高成绩的飞跃,技术上的突破是一个非常关键的因素。一个完整的撑竿跳高技术由持竿助跑、插穴起跳、悬垂、摆体、伸展、拉转推竿和过杆落地等环节组成。我们结合多次为我国女子撑竿跳高运动员进行科技攻关服务所获得的资料,提出了影响撑竿跳高动作技术的关键问题,对女子撑竿跳高的技术进行生物力学分析,以探索女子撑竿跳高技术的突破途径,为有针对性地实施训练提供参考。
For a long time, pole vault was only a man’s formal event. It was not until 1995 that IAAF established a world record for women’s pole vault. For the first time in 1997, the World Indoor Championships in Paris were the women’s pole vault in the official competition of the World Series . In recent years, all countries in the world have begun to attach importance to the development of the women’s pole vault project. World-class athletes are constantly emerging. The world record has been repeatedly refreshed. The achievements have been increasing rapidly. From the first world record recognized by our athlete Sun Caiyun 4.05 meters, to the current record of 4.81 meters created by American athlete Draghi La, the growth rate has been 76 cm. In just a few years, although the women’s pole vault project has made great strides, due to the relatively short duration of the project, there is still a big gap in technology between men and women. Women’s pole There are still plenty of room for high jump results. To achieve the leap in women’s pole vault, technological breakthroughs is a very crucial factor. A complete pole vault technology from the pole to help run, plug-hole take-off, overhang, pendulum, stretching, pull the pole and over the pole landing and other links. Combining with the information obtained from many scientific research services of Chinese women pole vault athletes, we put forward the key problems that affect the pole vault technique and make the biomechanical analysis on the technique of the pole vault to explore the female pole vault Technology breakthroughs, to provide targeted training to provide a reference.