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how在英语中是用法相当灵活的词,是我们平时学习的重点,也是中考的常考点,本文拟谈how的用法,希望能对同学们的学习有所帮助。
1. how用来询问天气,意为“怎样”。如:
“How is the weather today?” “It’s sunny. ”
“今天的天气怎样?” “晴朗。”
“How was the weather yesterday?”“It’s hot.” “昨天的天气怎样?” “很热。”
2. how作疑问副词或关系副词,询问动作执行的方式,方法,手段等,意为“怎样,如何”。如:
“How does she often go to work?” “By bike.” “她经常是怎样上班的?” “骑自行车。”
“How does he learn English?” “By watching TV.” “他是怎样学习英语的?”“通过看电视。”
This is how it happened.
事情是这样发生的。
3. how用来询问健康状况,意为“怎样”。如:
“How are you?” “Fine, thank you, and you?” “你的身体怎样?” “很好,谢谢,你呢?”
“How is your father?” “He is fine.”
“你的父亲身体怎样?” “很健康。”
4. 询问程度、看法等,意为“怎样”。如:
“How do you like China?” “Very much.”
“你喜欢中国吗?” “非常喜欢。”
How is your English?你的英语如何?
How do you like the music?
你觉得这首乐曲如何?
5. 表示惊奇的通俗用法,指原因或目的,意为“为什么”。如:
How is that you have come here so early?
你为什么来得这么早?
How can you do such a thing to her?
你为什么对她做出这种事来?
6. 用在第一次见面的问候语中。如:
——How do you do? 你好!
——How do you do? 你好!
7. 引导感叹句,修饰形容词,副词或动词,用以加强程度,意为“多么”。如:
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!
How delicious they are! 它们多美味呀!
How time flies! 光阴似箭!
8. how old对年龄(年代)提问,意为“多大了”。如:
“How old is she?” “Seven.” “她多大了?”“七岁。”
How old is the bridge?
这座桥有多少年了?
9. how many询问数量,后接可数名词复数。如果谈话双方都明白,名词可省略。如果是不可数名词,则必须用“(表示单位的)名词复数+of+不可数名词”形式才能跟在how many之后。如:
“How many boys are there in the classroom?” “Fifteen.” “教室里有多少个男孩?” “十五个。”
How many cups of tea are there on the table? 桌子上有多少杯茶?
10. how much用来询问价格,意为“多少钱”。也可用来询问物品的数量,后接不可数名词,意为“多少”。如:
How much are these? 这些多少钱?
How much does it cost? 多少钱?
How much rice do you want?
你要多少大米?
11. how far用于询问距离,意为“多远”。如:
“How far is it from here?” “It’s about 300 meters.” “离这儿有多远?”“大约三百米。”
“How far is it from here to the station?”“About five hundred meters.” “从这里到车站有多远?” “大约五百米。”
12. how often意为“多久一次”,常用来询问表示动作发生的频率,即询问在单位时间内动作发生或出现的次数。常用always, sometimes, often, usually, every day, never, 次数+时间等进行回答。如:
“How often are you late for school?” “Once two weeks.” “你多久迟到一次?” “两周一次。”
“How often do you exercise?” “Hardly ever.” “你多久锻炼一次?” “几乎从不。”
13. how soon 用来询问某事要“多久以后”才能完成或实现。谓语部分常有情态动词can等,谓语常用一般现在时,如谓语部分没有情态动词,常用一般将来时。它引导的问句常用in所引导的时间状语回答。如:
“How soon can you finish it?” “In ten minutes.” “你多久能完成它?” “十分钟后。”
“How soon will he come back?” “In a week.” “他多久以后回来?” “一周以后。”
14. how long意为“多久,多长”。意为“多久”时,用来对时间长度提问,即询问做某事需要做多久,或做某事已经花了多长时间,或某状态持续了多久,因此与how long连用的必须是持续性动词,how long常用在现在完成时,也可用在一般将来时、一般过去时或一般现在时中,它引导的问句常用for/since所引导的时间状语或时间段来对它进行回答;how long意为“多长”时,常用来对事物的长度进行提问。常用“数字+kilometers/meters (+long)”来对它进行回答。如:
“How long have you been at the school? ” “For ten years.” “你来到这所学校有多久了?” “十年了。”
“How long may I keep the book?” “Six days.” “这本书我可以借多久?” “六天。”
“How long is the river?” “It’s about 1500 kilometers (long).” “这条河有多长?” “大约1500米。”
15. how about常用来询问消息或征求对方的意见和看法,相当于what about,意为“怎么样?好不好?”,其后可接名词,代词或动名词。如:
How about this pen? 这支笔怎么样?
How about you? 你呢?
How about going shopping? 去购物怎么样?
16. how tall主要用于问人、动物、树木等有生命的东西; how high主要强调高于地面之上的垂直高度或借喻性的高; how heavy问重量; how wide问宽度。如:
How tall is Liu Xiang? 刘翔身高多少?
How high is the tower in Paris?
巴黎的那座塔有多高?
How wide is the old street?
那条老街有多宽?
How heavy is the big box?
那只大箱子有多重?
从以上分析可以看出,how作副词的用法相当灵活,因此我们在平常的学习中要善于归纳总结,只有系统掌握了它的用法,才能提高我们的应试能力。
【小试牛刀】
1. “____ is your sister?” “She is eleven.”
A. How old B. How long C. How D. How often
2. “____ CDs have you got?” “There are so many. I can’t remember the number.”
A. Which B. What C. How many D. How much
3. He asked me ____ my new shoes cost. I told him they were only five dollars.
A. how many B. how much C. how long D. how soon
4. I can’t see ____ I want to go back to my hometown. It’s quite a few years since I last went back.
A. how much B. how long C. how often D. how soon
5. It’s a nice car. ____ have you been in it? Just to Shanghai.
A. How far B. What C. How much D. Which
6. “____ do you go to Hong Kong?” “Sorry, I’ve never been there.”
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How soon
7. “I hear there will be a concert of Sun Yanzi and I’ve been waiting for it. ____ will it start?” “Well, take it easy. In two days.”
A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far
8. “Could you tell me ____ you’ll be away?” “Only one week.”
A. how much B. how soon C. how often D. how long
9. How about ____ tomorrow?
A. go swimming B. to go to swim C. go to swim D. going swimming
10. “We can use QQ to talk with each other online.” “Good. Will you please show me ____ it?”
A. what to use B. how to use C. when to use D. where to use
11. “Lucy is always ready to help others.” “____ the girl is!”
A. How lovely B. What lovely C. What a lovely D. How a lovely
12. “____ do you study English?” “By listening to tapes.”
A. How B. Where C. When D. Why
[Key:1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.A]
1. how用来询问天气,意为“怎样”。如:
“How is the weather today?” “It’s sunny. ”
“今天的天气怎样?” “晴朗。”
“How was the weather yesterday?”“It’s hot.” “昨天的天气怎样?” “很热。”
2. how作疑问副词或关系副词,询问动作执行的方式,方法,手段等,意为“怎样,如何”。如:
“How does she often go to work?” “By bike.” “她经常是怎样上班的?” “骑自行车。”
“How does he learn English?” “By watching TV.” “他是怎样学习英语的?”“通过看电视。”
This is how it happened.
事情是这样发生的。
3. how用来询问健康状况,意为“怎样”。如:
“How are you?” “Fine, thank you, and you?” “你的身体怎样?” “很好,谢谢,你呢?”
“How is your father?” “He is fine.”
“你的父亲身体怎样?” “很健康。”
4. 询问程度、看法等,意为“怎样”。如:
“How do you like China?” “Very much.”
“你喜欢中国吗?” “非常喜欢。”
How is your English?你的英语如何?
How do you like the music?
你觉得这首乐曲如何?
5. 表示惊奇的通俗用法,指原因或目的,意为“为什么”。如:
How is that you have come here so early?
你为什么来得这么早?
How can you do such a thing to her?
你为什么对她做出这种事来?
6. 用在第一次见面的问候语中。如:
——How do you do? 你好!
——How do you do? 你好!
7. 引导感叹句,修饰形容词,副词或动词,用以加强程度,意为“多么”。如:
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!
How delicious they are! 它们多美味呀!
How time flies! 光阴似箭!
8. how old对年龄(年代)提问,意为“多大了”。如:
“How old is she?” “Seven.” “她多大了?”“七岁。”
How old is the bridge?
这座桥有多少年了?
9. how many询问数量,后接可数名词复数。如果谈话双方都明白,名词可省略。如果是不可数名词,则必须用“(表示单位的)名词复数+of+不可数名词”形式才能跟在how many之后。如:
“How many boys are there in the classroom?” “Fifteen.” “教室里有多少个男孩?” “十五个。”
How many cups of tea are there on the table? 桌子上有多少杯茶?
10. how much用来询问价格,意为“多少钱”。也可用来询问物品的数量,后接不可数名词,意为“多少”。如:
How much are these? 这些多少钱?
How much does it cost? 多少钱?
How much rice do you want?
你要多少大米?
11. how far用于询问距离,意为“多远”。如:
“How far is it from here?” “It’s about 300 meters.” “离这儿有多远?”“大约三百米。”
“How far is it from here to the station?”“About five hundred meters.” “从这里到车站有多远?” “大约五百米。”
12. how often意为“多久一次”,常用来询问表示动作发生的频率,即询问在单位时间内动作发生或出现的次数。常用always, sometimes, often, usually, every day, never, 次数+时间等进行回答。如:
“How often are you late for school?” “Once two weeks.” “你多久迟到一次?” “两周一次。”
“How often do you exercise?” “Hardly ever.” “你多久锻炼一次?” “几乎从不。”
13. how soon 用来询问某事要“多久以后”才能完成或实现。谓语部分常有情态动词can等,谓语常用一般现在时,如谓语部分没有情态动词,常用一般将来时。它引导的问句常用in所引导的时间状语回答。如:
“How soon can you finish it?” “In ten minutes.” “你多久能完成它?” “十分钟后。”
“How soon will he come back?” “In a week.” “他多久以后回来?” “一周以后。”
14. how long意为“多久,多长”。意为“多久”时,用来对时间长度提问,即询问做某事需要做多久,或做某事已经花了多长时间,或某状态持续了多久,因此与how long连用的必须是持续性动词,how long常用在现在完成时,也可用在一般将来时、一般过去时或一般现在时中,它引导的问句常用for/since所引导的时间状语或时间段来对它进行回答;how long意为“多长”时,常用来对事物的长度进行提问。常用“数字+kilometers/meters (+long)”来对它进行回答。如:
“How long have you been at the school? ” “For ten years.” “你来到这所学校有多久了?” “十年了。”
“How long may I keep the book?” “Six days.” “这本书我可以借多久?” “六天。”
“How long is the river?” “It’s about 1500 kilometers (long).” “这条河有多长?” “大约1500米。”
15. how about常用来询问消息或征求对方的意见和看法,相当于what about,意为“怎么样?好不好?”,其后可接名词,代词或动名词。如:
How about this pen? 这支笔怎么样?
How about you? 你呢?
How about going shopping? 去购物怎么样?
16. how tall主要用于问人、动物、树木等有生命的东西; how high主要强调高于地面之上的垂直高度或借喻性的高; how heavy问重量; how wide问宽度。如:
How tall is Liu Xiang? 刘翔身高多少?
How high is the tower in Paris?
巴黎的那座塔有多高?
How wide is the old street?
那条老街有多宽?
How heavy is the big box?
那只大箱子有多重?
从以上分析可以看出,how作副词的用法相当灵活,因此我们在平常的学习中要善于归纳总结,只有系统掌握了它的用法,才能提高我们的应试能力。
【小试牛刀】
1. “____ is your sister?” “She is eleven.”
A. How old B. How long C. How D. How often
2. “____ CDs have you got?” “There are so many. I can’t remember the number.”
A. Which B. What C. How many D. How much
3. He asked me ____ my new shoes cost. I told him they were only five dollars.
A. how many B. how much C. how long D. how soon
4. I can’t see ____ I want to go back to my hometown. It’s quite a few years since I last went back.
A. how much B. how long C. how often D. how soon
5. It’s a nice car. ____ have you been in it? Just to Shanghai.
A. How far B. What C. How much D. Which
6. “____ do you go to Hong Kong?” “Sorry, I’ve never been there.”
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How soon
7. “I hear there will be a concert of Sun Yanzi and I’ve been waiting for it. ____ will it start?” “Well, take it easy. In two days.”
A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far
8. “Could you tell me ____ you’ll be away?” “Only one week.”
A. how much B. how soon C. how often D. how long
9. How about ____ tomorrow?
A. go swimming B. to go to swim C. go to swim D. going swimming
10. “We can use QQ to talk with each other online.” “Good. Will you please show me ____ it?”
A. what to use B. how to use C. when to use D. where to use
11. “Lucy is always ready to help others.” “____ the girl is!”
A. How lovely B. What lovely C. What a lovely D. How a lovely
12. “____ do you study English?” “By listening to tapes.”
A. How B. Where C. When D. Why
[Key:1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.A]