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为研究油菜高产群体各农艺性状对产量的影响,按照常规田间试验方法种植了15个甘蓝型油菜品种(系),每个品种(系)设15万、30万、45万、60万和75万株/hm~2等5个密度。试验结果表明,油菜群体高产的最佳密度在30万~60万株/hm~2。采用灰色关联梯度分析方法就油菜14个农艺性状对产量影响的相对重要性进行分析,其重要性表现为:一次有效分枝数>主花序长>分枝角果数>株高>每角粒数>分枝子粒千粒重>单角果子粒重>一次分枝高度>单位面积花序数>分枝单株产量>密度>主花序角果数>主花序子粒千粒重>主花序单株产量。对高产群体中的角果数、每角粒数及千粒重3个产量构成因素的相关性进行分析,结果表明:油菜每角粒数分别与分枝子粒千粒重和主花序子粒千粒重极显著负相关,但与主花序单株产量和分枝单株产量相关性不显著;分枝子粒千粒重和主花序子粒千粒重均与主花序单株产量极显著正相关,而与分枝单株产量相关性不显著。因此,油菜群体获得高产主要依靠较多的分枝数和角果数,同时兼靠单角果子粒重。研究结果可为油菜高产育种提供理论指导,可减少油菜高产育种中的盲目性。
In order to study the effects of agronomic traits on the yield of rapeseed population, 15 varieties (lines) of Brassica napus were planted in accordance with the conventional field test. Each variety (line) had 150,000, 300,000, 450,000, 600,000 and 75 Ten thousand / hm ~ 2 and other five density. The test results showed that the optimal density of high yielding rape population was 300,000 ~ 600,000 plants / hm ~ 2. The relative importance of 14 agronomic traits on the yield was analyzed by gray relational gradient analysis. The importance of the analysis was as follows: primary effective branch number> main inflorescence length> branch angle> plant height> Number of branches> 1000-grain weight of single branch> Single branch height> single branch height> number of inflorescences per unit area> single branch yield> density> number of main inflorescences> number of main inflorescences> 1000-grain weight of main inflorescence> The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the number of per hill and the thousand kernel weight of main branch and the thousand kernel weight of main inflorescence respectively. But there was no significant correlation with single inflorescence of main inflorescence and single subplant yield. There was a significant positive correlation between single grain weight of main branch and 1000-grain weight of main inflorescence, but no significant correlation with yield per plant . Therefore, the high yield of rapeseed population mainly depends on the number of branches and the number of pectin, and at the same time depends on the weight of single-angle fruit. The results can provide theoretical guidance for rapeseed breeding and reduce blindness in high-yield breeding of rapeseed.