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[目的] 初步观察脐带间充质干细胞(MSC)联合环孢素A(CSA)治疗再生障碍性贫血(AA)疗效和安全性.[方法] 选择2011年1月至2015年12月本科室收治5例AA患者,其中重型AA(SAA)4例,非重型再障(NSAA)1例,静脉输注和骨髓腔内注射MSC,每次输注细胞总数1×106/kg,每周一次,连续4次,同时联合CSA治疗.观察治疗前后血常规,骨髓涂片,以及治疗后不良反应,并文献复习.[结果] 5例患者中位随访时间28(6~64)个月,双注射途径使用MSC联合CSA治疗后,两例基本治愈,一例缓解,一例明显进步,一例无效,无效的为NSAA.[结论] 脐带MSC联合CSA治疗AA有一定疗效,不良反应少.“,”[Objective]To observe the efficacy and safety of therapy with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) combined with cyclosporine A (CSA) in aplastic anemia (AA).[Methods]Five patients with aplastic anemia from January 2011 to December 2015 were collected and reviewed, which included four severe (SAA) cases and one non-severe (NSAA) case.All patients were treated with mesenchymal stem cells (intravenous infusion) and cyclosporine (intraosseous injection).The third to fifth generation of MSC cells were administered intravenously (1×106/kg) to patients once a week for four consecutive weeks.Blood routine and bone narrow smears before and after treatment were checked.Adverse reactions after treatment were recorded.Reports on aplastic anemia published recently were searched for and summarized.[Results]During an average follow-up period of 28 months (6 to 64 months) after MSC plus CSA therapy, two out of five cases were recovered, one was relieved, one was improved, and one was invalid, which was the NSAA case.[Conclusion]To some extent, the therapeutic method of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with cyclosporine for aplastic anemia was effective.There were no significant adverse reactions.