历史是连续的,是割不断的。然而,我们在看待历史的时候,却常常忽略了这一点。这尤其表现在对待西欧中世纪史的态度上。长期以来,“中世纪”是野蛮、恐怖、蒙昧、闭塞、没落等的代名词,并被想当然地冠以“黑暗时代”之称。这种看法,或许是受到爱德华·吉本(著有《罗马帝国衰亡史》)和雅各布·布克哈特(著有《意大利文艺复兴时期的文化》)等学者的影响。在他们眼中,中世纪要么是一个伟大 History is continuous and continuous. However, when we look at history, we often overlook this point. This is especially true in the attitude towards medieval history in Western Europe. For a long time, “Middle Ages ” is synonymous with brutality, terror, ignorance, occlusion, decline, etc., and was duly labeled as “Dark Ages.” This view may be influenced by scholars such as Edward Gibbon (with a history of the fall of the Roman Empire) and Jacob Bukhart (with “Italian Renaissance culture”). In their eyes, the Middle Ages is either a great one