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最初的赛车平均时速不过20余千米/小时，而今天我们可以买到的超跑能够在3秒多的时间内，从静止加速至100千米/小时。其中每一秒的速度提升，既是肾上腺分泌带来的快感，也是数十年来科技进步的表征。
The early racing cars can run no more than 20km/h， but a super sport car today can accelerate from standing to 100km/h in 3 seconds. Technological development over the past few decades brings not only higher speed but also increased adrenaline thrill.
鉴于F1这类赛车运动的高昂成本、交通法规的限制，个人很难驾驶它感受极限驰骋。在这种背景下，既满足法规要求，又能够体验极致速度感的超级跑车出现了。这是一种纯粹的机械艺术，一种以人为本的终极体验。它将速度与力量酣畅淋漓地爆发出来，让人感受到人类运动力的兽性回归。而在超级跑车中间，“3秒俱乐部”的成员们更已达到感受速度与激情的最高层次。这些车能在3秒钟内从静止加速至100千米/小时，它们意味着人类地面行驶体验的极限。
Due to high cost and traffic rule restrictions， not everyone can enjoy the thrill of race cars. That is how super cars come about. The mechanical art piece of super cars offers an ultimate driving experience with the maximum street legal speed. Of all supercars， members of the “3 seconds club” – super cars that can accelerate from 0 to 100km/h in 3 seconds - are the finest choices for drivers to get a “fast and furious” experience.
速度极限，从车身设计开始
我们看到的超跑往往有着夸张的造型，它的目的自然不是吸引眼球那么简单。最初的水滴形或者梭形车身，都具有降低车身阻力的功能。目前顶尖赛车的风阻系数可以达到0.15，已经很接近鸟类的水平，但与雨滴相比还有很大的差距。在车身设计中，除了要克服空气阻力，还要将空气加以利用，以帮助轻量化之后的跑车提升下压力，增加车轮与路面的摩擦。达到这一目的最直接的办法就是在车侧和车尾增加扰流板，利用划过车身的空气，将车辆稳稳地压在地上，以弥补轻量化后轮胎压力不足的损失。意大利人在跑车的外形设计上造诣颇高，宾尼法里纳、甘尼迪以及乔治亚罗的名字通常伴随着一款又一款顶级跑车的诞生。
急速的基础——车身骨架
所有复杂机器的零件都需要有一个承载平台，对于汽车，车架担负着这一使命。最初的汽车使用大梁式车架，或者称为非承载式车身。在汽车进入大规模生产之后，单体车架即承载式车身出现了，但是此类车架只适合量产的入门级跑车。
那么超级跑车应该拥有怎样的车架呢？管式车架的出现使这些问题迎刃而解。与承载式车身相比，相同重量的情况下管式车架拥有更高的强度、更低的设计成本和更简单的工艺，也符合小规模生产的需要。至今仍有许多跑车生产厂商在沿用管式车架，兰博基尼Miura正采用了此类设计。
随着技术的进步，车架的材质越来越轻，大多数超级跑车都倾向使用轻质、高强度的碳纤维材料。这样的车架令超级跑车更坚固，重量却更轻，重心也可以造得很低，唯一的缺点就是成本太高。正是由于这个“硬伤”，虽然上世纪80年代的F1赛车就用上了碳纤维车架，但是直到现在，使用碳纤维车架的超级跑车仍然屈指可数。麦克拉伦F1和法拉利F50是最早吃螃蟹的超级跑车，价格理所当然地惊人。
肺活量对奔跑起着决定作用
超级跑车的引擎与轿车引擎在结构上没有本质的差别，但在设计重点上却有很大的不同。最初的超跑制造商们沉迷于排量带来的性能提升，即使到现在，美国的超跑制造商们仍然执着于此。从最初的4缸、6缸发展至8缸、12缸，跑车引擎不断创造着排量的新高。目前SRT蝰蛇的引擎排量已经达到了8.4升。如此巨大的排量带来的不仅仅是性能的提升，还有令无数车迷倾倒的声浪。
然而当排量提升无法满足性能进一步提升的需求之后，大量新技术应用于跑车引擎。涡轮增压、机械增压，甚至双涡轮增压等技术，都已不再是赛车的专属。
不可或缺的零部件等细节
汽车是一个系统工程，为追求性能而生的超级跑车自然不能只看某一项指标，车体材料就是容易被忽略的细节之一。
超级跑车在车身材料的选择方面一直紧跟材料学的进步。从铝制车身投入使用到轻巧廉价的玻璃钢，再到强度更高重量更轻的碳纤维材料，超跑设计师们一直在寻找最合适的材料。与此同时，更容易被忽略的底盘材料也在悄无声息进化着。在碳纤维技术日臻成熟的今天，超级跑车们又迎来了一次底盘材料的换代。
轮胎也是容易被忽略的细节之一。随着引擎技术的不断进步，轮胎的阻力已经不是问题的核心，其设计重点转向了增加抓地力的方向。于是宽胎成为了超级跑车的首选，除了轮胎的宽度以外，低扁平比与大轮圈也成为主流。伴随着轮胎温度的升高，表面会呈凝胶状态的热熔胎也加入到超级跑车的配件清单中。
Exterior Design
Supercars often come with exaggerated designs， but not simply to be eye-catching. The early versions of sport cars adopt water drop or spindle shape to reduce air resistance. The best race cars today boast of a drag coefficient of 0.15， close to that of birds， but still not as low as rain drops. Supercar designers need not only reduce aerodynamic drag， but also make use of air to increase grip force of the reduced-weight cars. The most common way is to install spoilers on both sides and the tail of the car， in which aspect the Italians are masters of the art， with Pininfarina， Gandini， Giugiaro turning out one line after another top class super cars. Frame structure
Every vehicle has a frame. Car frame evolves from a body-on-frame structure in the early days to monocoque for mass production. But neither of two structures fits for supercars.
The solution is backbone tube. At similar weight， a tube chassis is stronger than a body-on-frame structure， but cheaper and easier to make. Many manufactures， including Lamorghini Miura， adopts this structure.
Thanks to technology advancement， car frames are getting lighter and lighter. Chassis made of carbon fiber materials are lighter， stronger and allows lower center of gravity height. The only weakness is its high cost. Carbon fiber frames are used on F1 cars since 1980s， but not many supercars today take advantage of the lighter material. The few that do， like McLaren F1 and Ferrari F50， are understandably highly priced.
Powerful Engine
In essence， supercar engines are no different with normal car engines， except for its particular focus on power. Early supercar makers focus on increasing engine displacement. Even today， US makers are still working on displacement enhancement， developing engines from 4 cylinders， to 6， 8 and 12 cylinders. SRT Viper has the highest displacement to date. Its 8.4L displacement brings not only performance improvement， but roaring sound waves.
When displacement enhancement reaches its limit， new technologies and technologies that used to belong to racing cars such as turbo-charging， supercharging， and twin-turbo start to be widely applied on super cars.
Indispensable Components
Engine power is just one of the many values of high-performing super cars. Car body material， for example， is also an important but often overlooked aspect.
Supercars have been taking advantage of the newest development of materials in improving car body construction. From aluminum， to fiber glass， to carbon fiber， supercar designers never ceased the search for lighter and stronger materials. Even the most overlooked chassis has undergone a quiet update thanks to today’s mature carbon fiber technology.
Tyre is another easily overlooked detail. With advancement of engine technology， the focus of tyre design has moved from reducing air resistance to increasing grip force. To this purpose， wider tyres with lower aspect ratio and bigger wheel have become preferred choices for supercars. Slick tyres have also been included in the component list for super cars.
柯尼塞格Agera R 瑞典人已经在超级跑车的舞台上站稳脚跟，柯尼塞格的作品也已经具备了向布加迪、法拉利和保时捷这类顶尖车厂叫板的实力。最新推出的柯尼塞格Agera R就是其中一个让人惊艳的产品。
柯尼塞格Agera R的单体底盘仅重70千克，车身重量仅为1330千克，几乎比所有竞争对手都要轻。除此之外，它配备的5.0升 双涡轮增压V8引擎被压榨出高达1115匹的输出，最大扭矩达到1200牛·米。而这样凶猛的引擎，自身重量只有197千克。瑞典人的环保精神同样体现在柯尼塞格Agera R身上，它的百公里油耗仅为14.7升，在超级跑车中算得上是十分经济的车型。
在7速双离合变速器的辅助下，柯尼塞格Agera R的百公里加速时间仅2.9秒。理论上柯尼塞格Agera R的极速可达443千米/小时，不过Agera车型均限速在375千米/小时。
法拉利458 Italia
其实法拉利458 Italia在众多超跑中，速度并不是最快的，它的0～100千米/小时加速时间为3.4秒。这一成绩处在中游水平，但是它的出现打破了法拉利给人们的传统印象，其充满未来感的设计令所有人眼前一亮。
458的名字很容易理解，这三个数字象征着其搭载的4.5升 V8引擎，法拉利更是将意大利的意大利文Italia当做其副车名。可见458不仅仅是法拉利的荣耀，更是意大利车的荣耀。458的车身由宾尼法里纳操刀，对法拉利的传统设计进行了一次彻底的颠覆。同时气动弹性效应风翼被安装在前进气格栅处，以减少格栅产生的阻力。
在亮眼的造型之下，458 Italia不仅在前后保险杆等部位换上了重量更轻的碳纤维制品，后视镜、座椅框架等部位，也都以碳纤维打造，并将前/后下防倾杆、下摇臂、减震筒及弹簧与轮毂螺帽等，改以铝合金或钛合金材质，轻量化的相当彻底。
兰博基尼Aventador
兰博基尼的传统是使用斗牛的名字来命名新车，于是最新的旗舰车型就被冠以西班牙斗牛界最勇猛的斗牛之一Aventador的名字。其设计风格没有太大的变动，多变的几何面大量借鉴了之前推出的兰博基尼限量版碳纤维跑车Reventon的元素。剪刀门作为“大牛”的经典特征毫无悬念地得以保留。
Aventado全车大量采用了碳纤维强化材料，甚至配备了全碳纤维复合材料单壳体车身。其底盘总重量只有229千克，但是刚性却达到了惊人的35000牛·米的抗扭度，可以保证Aventador在任何时候都拥有着无与伦比的底盘刚性。此外Aventador的车架同样使用全碳纤维打造，以减轻重量。
来自Murcieolago的6.5升V12引擎，通过工程师的重新调校，最大功率达到700马力，扭矩峰值达到690牛·米。与其搭配的7速Giziaro ISR单离合器变速箱比双离合器变速箱轻20千克，换挡速度却比大众的DSG变速箱还要快50%。在如此强大的动力系统的帮助下，Aventador的0～100千米/小时加速时间仅为2.9秒，最高时速350千米/小时。
雷克萨斯LFA
雷克萨斯LFA的开发历程十分曲折，设计团队总是希望将最新的技术融入其中，这造成了设计上的多次修改，耗时10余年才最终与消费者见面。
采用最新研发的三维碳纤维编织法，雷克萨斯LFA的碳纤维单体横造式底盘和车身拥有4倍于铝材的高强度。以65%的碳纤维增强塑料和35%的铝合金材料构成的LFA车身结构，比同样的铝制车身轻100多千克，而且更加坚固。
LFA核心力量来自于全新的4.8升 V10高转速引擎。这款前中置V10引擎的体积与传统的V8引擎相当，而重量却低于一般的V6引擎，升功率高达85.7千瓦。这款高性能发动机能够在8700转/分时输出412千瓦的最大功率。这使得LFA 的0～100千米/小时加速时间控制在3.7秒。
奔驰SLS AMG GT3
针对现有的跑车，推出赛车版本是各大厂商为性能发烧友提供的便利。奔驰SLS AMG GT3就是这样一款赛车化后的产品。在遵循FIA GT3规则下，工程师们彻底将SLS AMG的那层上流社会的丝绒外衣撕去，将它隐藏的极致“愤怒”完全释放了出来，这所带来的就是无与伦比的赛道速度。
设计师为SLS AMG GT3增加了一个尺寸足够暴力的尾翼，碳纤维增强复合材料被广泛使用在车门、引擎盖、挡泥板等部位。车辆内饰进行了大幅精简，变为更纯粹的赛车化走向，碳纤维材料充斥其中。
奔驰SLS AMG GT3依然沿用了那台6.3升V8引擎，但经过重新调校之后，最大功率达到429千瓦，比现款车型提升了15千瓦，而峰值扭矩输出则依然为650牛·米，与之匹配的是7速双离合器变速箱换挡速度也有相应的提升。最终的结果是奔驰SLS AMG GT3能在3.7秒内完成0～100千米/小时加速，比现款车型缩短了0.1秒，并且最高时速达317千米/小时。
保时捷918 Spyder
保时捷918 Spyder已经不再是概念车，在第一批车即将交付之前，它再次打破了自己先前创造的惊世纪录。这款超级跑车成功地实施了最终调校，实现了非凡的加速性能。在配备重量经过优化的魏斯阿赫组件后，该车从静止加速至100 千米/小时仅需2.6秒，缩短了0.2秒。改进措施也给这款混合动力超级跑车的电动性能带来了进一步优化。在前桥和后桥两台电动机的驱动下，从静止加速至100 千米/小时仅需6.2秒，比之前缩短了0.7 秒，而且完全零排放。它只用了6分57秒就跑完了纽伯格林北环赛道，创造了史无前例的公路跑车单圈用时纪录。该车在新欧洲行驶循环中的耗油量仅为3.0升/100千米。
迈凯轮MP4-12C
在沉寂多年之后，迈凯轮这家久负盛名的英国赛车工程公司终于推出了新的整车产品MP4-12C。在它身上，迈凯轮应用了大量来自F1赛车的先进技术。其名称的前半部分来自于1997年的F1赛车MP4-12，C则代表使用了碳纤维单体式座舱。 MP4-12C采用的超轻超硬的碳纤维座舱与F1赛车的单体壳有些相似，相比竞争对手和前任车型McLaren F1所用的多块冲压钢板焊接而成的车体更结实，也更为轻巧。整个碳纤维座舱仅重80千克。
在轻量化车身以及3.8升双涡轮增压V8引擎的帮助下，MP4-12C的百公里加速时间仅为3.3秒。当然它的亮点还不在这里。
半自动制动辅助转向系统是MP4-12C的亮点技术，它通过对单个后轮施加制动力以减少转向不足。这项功能替代了限滑差速器锁，从而可以进一步降低整备质量，同时获得相似的弯道表现。
克尔维特Z06
克尔维特Z06的售价要比竞争对手低许多，这也成就了其平民超跑的美名，除此之外还有让对手汗颜的销量。虽然拥有同样低矮的车身，克尔维特Z06的线条使其看起来更为壮硕，这也是美式肌肉车共同的特征。
引擎盖上的进气口并不是装饰，下面藏着一台排量7.0升的V8自然吸气引擎。在涡轮泛滥的时代，美国的超跑制造商们仍然钟情于自然吸气并非没有道理。自然吸气引擎输出更为线性，不需要额外的冷却系统，结构也更为简单。当然升功率与涡轮引擎相比没有太多优势，但是排量弥补了这一不足。克尔维特Z06搭载LS7引擎，最大马力为511匹，最大扭矩637牛·米，配备六速手动变速箱。其百公里加速需3.7秒，这一成绩与许多排量只有其一半的涡轮增压对手相当。
Koenigsegg Agera R
The Swiss has established their foothold in the supercar market with Koenigsegg products. The debut of its latest Agera R is another dazzling success proving its ability to compete with prestigious manufacturers like Bugatti， Ferrari and Porsche.
With a 70kg chassis and a 1330kg total weight， the Koenigsegg Agera R is lighter than nearly every competitor. Its 5 litre V8 twin-turbo engine develops as high as 1115 hp with 1200 Nm of torque but weights only 197kg. The Swiss environment awareness is also shown on the Agera R. Its 14.7L/100km fuel burn makes it a very economical model among super cars.
Equipped with a 7 speed gearbox， Agera R can accelerate 0–100 km/h in 2.9 seconds and reach a theoretical top speed of 443km/h， although the top speed of all Agera series are set at375km/h.
Ferrari 458 Italia
458 Italia is not the fastest supercar. It takes 3.4s to accelerate from 0 to 100km/h. But its futurist design brings a refreshing surprise as a breakaway from Ferrari tradition.
The supercar has a memorable name. 458 derives from its 4.5L V8 engine， and Italia its place of origin. Designed by Pininfarina， 458 Italia throws away all traditional features of Ferrari. On its front air inlet aerodynamic wings are attached for less air resistance.
The dazzling design is complimented with lighter materials. Its bumper， rear mirror and seat frame are replaced with carbon fiber materials， and its anti-roll bars， lower swing arm， anti-collision beam， springs， wheels and screw caps are made of aluminum alloy or titanium alloy for further weight reduction.
Lexus LFA
The development of Lexus LFA is a long and winding process. Because of the strong desire of the design team to incorporate the latest technology， it takes many revisions and more than 10 years for it to finally meet its consumers. With the latest carbon fiber weaving technology， the LFA carbon fiber monocoque is four times stronger than aluminum. Made of 65% Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic and 35% aluminum alloy， the car frame is 100 kg lighter and much stronger than similar size aluminum body structure.
LFA is powered by a 4.8L V10 engine. The front-mid placed engine is of the same size of a traditional V8 engine， but weighs less than a V6 engine. Its power per liter is 85.7kw and can deliver a maximum 412kw at 8，700rpm， accelerating LFA from 0-100km/h in 3.7s.
Lamborghini Aventador
In keeping with Lamborghini tradition， the new flagship model is named after a Bull - Aventador which fought valiantly in Spanish Bullfighting. It inherits the main design features of Lamborghini’s limited production of Reventon， including its contorted surfaces and signature scissor doors.
Carbon fiber materials are widely used on the Aventado. Its carbon fiber monocoque weighs a feathery 229 Kg but could take a torque of 35000Nm. Its unit body is also made entirely of carbon fiber composite material to reduce weight.
The 6.5L V12 engine from Murchieolago is tuned to deliver a maximum 700hp with a maximum torque of 690Nm. Its 7 speed gearbox is 20kg lighter than dual-clutch gearbox， but 50% more efficient than the Volkswagen DSG. With a top speed of 350km/h， it can get from 0 -100km/h in 2.9 seconds.
Porsche 918 Spyder
Porsche 918 Spyder is no longer a concept supercar. Shortly before delivery of the first vehicles， the Porsche 918 Spyder breaks its own record. After final tuning， the Porsche supercar is now capable of even stronger sprinting performance. Fitted with the weight-optimized Weissach package， the vehicle now accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 2.6 seconds， 0.2 seconds that before. The enhancements also bring benefits in terms of the electrical performance delivered by the hybrid supercar. The two electric motors on the front and rear axle allow the 918 Spyder to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in 6.2 seconds， 0.7 than before fine tuning， without producing any emissions. The 918 Spyder holds the lap record for road vehicles on the Nürburgring Nordschleife at 6：57 minutes. Its total NEDC fuel consumption is only 3.01/100 km.
Mclaren MP4-12C
After years of silence， the prestigious British race car manufacturer finally rolled out its new wholly self-designed and built model， MP4-12C. As the name indicates， F1 technologies are used extensively on MP4-12C. MP4-12 refers to its 1997 F1 race car， and C represents carbon fiber its carbon fiber chassis. Weighing only 80 kg， the chassis is based around a F1 style one-piece carbon fiber tub lighter and stronger than the stamped steel chassis of its McLaren F1 predecessor.
With lighter body and powered by a 3.8L twin-turbo V8 engine， MP4-12C can accelerate from 0-100km in 3.3 seconds.
Another highlight of the MP4-12C is a F1 sourced technology dubbed "brake steer" where the inside rear wheel is braked during fast cornering to reduce understeer. By replacing limited slip differential （LSD） with break steer， MP4-12C is able to reduce weight while maintenance similar cornering performance.
Mercedes Benz SLS AMG GT3
The SLS AMG GT3 is a race car version of existing Mercedes-Benz sport car model， developed in accordance with the FIA （Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile） GT3 regulations. Engineers ripped off its velvet upper class appearance and released its innate “wrath”- unrivaled race speed.
The SLS AMG GT3 is fitted with a big size spoiler and carbon fiber doors， engine cover， and splashboard. The interior is also simplified towards race cars.
The SLS AMG GT3 still uses the 6.3L V8 engine of SLS AMG GT3 Coupé， but after fine tuning， the engine can deliver a maximum 429km， up 15kw than the sport car model， and a maximum torque of 650Nm. The 7 speed dual clutch gearbox is correspondingly improved. The enhanced SLS AMG GT3 can accelerate from 0 to 100km/h in 3.7 seconds， 0.1 faster and reach a top speed is 317km/h.
Corvette Z06
Known as a sports car for the regular wealthy， Corvette Z06 is sold at a much lower price and higher volume than competition. At similar height as other supercars， Corvette Z06 emits a more masculine growl like typical masculine US cars.
The air inlet on the hood is not decoration， but the intake valve of Z06′s 7.0-liter V8 naturally aspirated engine. In turbo age， US supercar makers choose naturally aspirated engines for good reasons - linear power output， no extra cooling system， and simple structure. It cannot compete with turbo engines in terms of power per liter， but it makes up with a high displacement. With LS7 engine and 6 speed manual transmissions， it delivers a maximum 511ps at 6300 rpm and 637Nm of torque at 4800 rpm. It needs 3.7s to accelerate from 0-100km/h， similar to the sprint capacity of a turbo-charging engine half its size.
The early racing cars can run no more than 20km/h， but a super sport car today can accelerate from standing to 100km/h in 3 seconds. Technological development over the past few decades brings not only higher speed but also increased adrenaline thrill.
鉴于F1这类赛车运动的高昂成本、交通法规的限制，个人很难驾驶它感受极限驰骋。在这种背景下，既满足法规要求，又能够体验极致速度感的超级跑车出现了。这是一种纯粹的机械艺术，一种以人为本的终极体验。它将速度与力量酣畅淋漓地爆发出来，让人感受到人类运动力的兽性回归。而在超级跑车中间，“3秒俱乐部”的成员们更已达到感受速度与激情的最高层次。这些车能在3秒钟内从静止加速至100千米/小时，它们意味着人类地面行驶体验的极限。
Due to high cost and traffic rule restrictions， not everyone can enjoy the thrill of race cars. That is how super cars come about. The mechanical art piece of super cars offers an ultimate driving experience with the maximum street legal speed. Of all supercars， members of the “3 seconds club” – super cars that can accelerate from 0 to 100km/h in 3 seconds - are the finest choices for drivers to get a “fast and furious” experience.
速度极限，从车身设计开始
我们看到的超跑往往有着夸张的造型，它的目的自然不是吸引眼球那么简单。最初的水滴形或者梭形车身，都具有降低车身阻力的功能。目前顶尖赛车的风阻系数可以达到0.15，已经很接近鸟类的水平，但与雨滴相比还有很大的差距。在车身设计中，除了要克服空气阻力，还要将空气加以利用，以帮助轻量化之后的跑车提升下压力，增加车轮与路面的摩擦。达到这一目的最直接的办法就是在车侧和车尾增加扰流板，利用划过车身的空气，将车辆稳稳地压在地上，以弥补轻量化后轮胎压力不足的损失。意大利人在跑车的外形设计上造诣颇高，宾尼法里纳、甘尼迪以及乔治亚罗的名字通常伴随着一款又一款顶级跑车的诞生。
急速的基础——车身骨架
所有复杂机器的零件都需要有一个承载平台，对于汽车，车架担负着这一使命。最初的汽车使用大梁式车架，或者称为非承载式车身。在汽车进入大规模生产之后，单体车架即承载式车身出现了，但是此类车架只适合量产的入门级跑车。
那么超级跑车应该拥有怎样的车架呢？管式车架的出现使这些问题迎刃而解。与承载式车身相比，相同重量的情况下管式车架拥有更高的强度、更低的设计成本和更简单的工艺，也符合小规模生产的需要。至今仍有许多跑车生产厂商在沿用管式车架，兰博基尼Miura正采用了此类设计。
随着技术的进步，车架的材质越来越轻，大多数超级跑车都倾向使用轻质、高强度的碳纤维材料。这样的车架令超级跑车更坚固，重量却更轻，重心也可以造得很低，唯一的缺点就是成本太高。正是由于这个“硬伤”，虽然上世纪80年代的F1赛车就用上了碳纤维车架，但是直到现在，使用碳纤维车架的超级跑车仍然屈指可数。麦克拉伦F1和法拉利F50是最早吃螃蟹的超级跑车，价格理所当然地惊人。
肺活量对奔跑起着决定作用
超级跑车的引擎与轿车引擎在结构上没有本质的差别，但在设计重点上却有很大的不同。最初的超跑制造商们沉迷于排量带来的性能提升，即使到现在，美国的超跑制造商们仍然执着于此。从最初的4缸、6缸发展至8缸、12缸，跑车引擎不断创造着排量的新高。目前SRT蝰蛇的引擎排量已经达到了8.4升。如此巨大的排量带来的不仅仅是性能的提升，还有令无数车迷倾倒的声浪。
然而当排量提升无法满足性能进一步提升的需求之后，大量新技术应用于跑车引擎。涡轮增压、机械增压，甚至双涡轮增压等技术，都已不再是赛车的专属。
不可或缺的零部件等细节
汽车是一个系统工程，为追求性能而生的超级跑车自然不能只看某一项指标，车体材料就是容易被忽略的细节之一。
超级跑车在车身材料的选择方面一直紧跟材料学的进步。从铝制车身投入使用到轻巧廉价的玻璃钢，再到强度更高重量更轻的碳纤维材料，超跑设计师们一直在寻找最合适的材料。与此同时，更容易被忽略的底盘材料也在悄无声息进化着。在碳纤维技术日臻成熟的今天，超级跑车们又迎来了一次底盘材料的换代。
轮胎也是容易被忽略的细节之一。随着引擎技术的不断进步，轮胎的阻力已经不是问题的核心，其设计重点转向了增加抓地力的方向。于是宽胎成为了超级跑车的首选，除了轮胎的宽度以外，低扁平比与大轮圈也成为主流。伴随着轮胎温度的升高，表面会呈凝胶状态的热熔胎也加入到超级跑车的配件清单中。
Exterior Design
Supercars often come with exaggerated designs， but not simply to be eye-catching. The early versions of sport cars adopt water drop or spindle shape to reduce air resistance. The best race cars today boast of a drag coefficient of 0.15， close to that of birds， but still not as low as rain drops. Supercar designers need not only reduce aerodynamic drag， but also make use of air to increase grip force of the reduced-weight cars. The most common way is to install spoilers on both sides and the tail of the car， in which aspect the Italians are masters of the art， with Pininfarina， Gandini， Giugiaro turning out one line after another top class super cars. Frame structure
Every vehicle has a frame. Car frame evolves from a body-on-frame structure in the early days to monocoque for mass production. But neither of two structures fits for supercars.
The solution is backbone tube. At similar weight， a tube chassis is stronger than a body-on-frame structure， but cheaper and easier to make. Many manufactures， including Lamorghini Miura， adopts this structure.
Thanks to technology advancement， car frames are getting lighter and lighter. Chassis made of carbon fiber materials are lighter， stronger and allows lower center of gravity height. The only weakness is its high cost. Carbon fiber frames are used on F1 cars since 1980s， but not many supercars today take advantage of the lighter material. The few that do， like McLaren F1 and Ferrari F50， are understandably highly priced.
Powerful Engine
In essence， supercar engines are no different with normal car engines， except for its particular focus on power. Early supercar makers focus on increasing engine displacement. Even today， US makers are still working on displacement enhancement， developing engines from 4 cylinders， to 6， 8 and 12 cylinders. SRT Viper has the highest displacement to date. Its 8.4L displacement brings not only performance improvement， but roaring sound waves.
When displacement enhancement reaches its limit， new technologies and technologies that used to belong to racing cars such as turbo-charging， supercharging， and twin-turbo start to be widely applied on super cars.
Indispensable Components
Engine power is just one of the many values of high-performing super cars. Car body material， for example， is also an important but often overlooked aspect.
Supercars have been taking advantage of the newest development of materials in improving car body construction. From aluminum， to fiber glass， to carbon fiber， supercar designers never ceased the search for lighter and stronger materials. Even the most overlooked chassis has undergone a quiet update thanks to today’s mature carbon fiber technology.
Tyre is another easily overlooked detail. With advancement of engine technology， the focus of tyre design has moved from reducing air resistance to increasing grip force. To this purpose， wider tyres with lower aspect ratio and bigger wheel have become preferred choices for supercars. Slick tyres have also been included in the component list for super cars.
柯尼塞格Agera R 瑞典人已经在超级跑车的舞台上站稳脚跟，柯尼塞格的作品也已经具备了向布加迪、法拉利和保时捷这类顶尖车厂叫板的实力。最新推出的柯尼塞格Agera R就是其中一个让人惊艳的产品。
柯尼塞格Agera R的单体底盘仅重70千克，车身重量仅为1330千克，几乎比所有竞争对手都要轻。除此之外，它配备的5.0升 双涡轮增压V8引擎被压榨出高达1115匹的输出，最大扭矩达到1200牛·米。而这样凶猛的引擎，自身重量只有197千克。瑞典人的环保精神同样体现在柯尼塞格Agera R身上，它的百公里油耗仅为14.7升，在超级跑车中算得上是十分经济的车型。
在7速双离合变速器的辅助下，柯尼塞格Agera R的百公里加速时间仅2.9秒。理论上柯尼塞格Agera R的极速可达443千米/小时，不过Agera车型均限速在375千米/小时。
法拉利458 Italia
其实法拉利458 Italia在众多超跑中，速度并不是最快的，它的0～100千米/小时加速时间为3.4秒。这一成绩处在中游水平，但是它的出现打破了法拉利给人们的传统印象，其充满未来感的设计令所有人眼前一亮。
458的名字很容易理解，这三个数字象征着其搭载的4.5升 V8引擎，法拉利更是将意大利的意大利文Italia当做其副车名。可见458不仅仅是法拉利的荣耀，更是意大利车的荣耀。458的车身由宾尼法里纳操刀，对法拉利的传统设计进行了一次彻底的颠覆。同时气动弹性效应风翼被安装在前进气格栅处，以减少格栅产生的阻力。
在亮眼的造型之下，458 Italia不仅在前后保险杆等部位换上了重量更轻的碳纤维制品，后视镜、座椅框架等部位，也都以碳纤维打造，并将前/后下防倾杆、下摇臂、减震筒及弹簧与轮毂螺帽等，改以铝合金或钛合金材质，轻量化的相当彻底。
兰博基尼Aventador
兰博基尼的传统是使用斗牛的名字来命名新车，于是最新的旗舰车型就被冠以西班牙斗牛界最勇猛的斗牛之一Aventador的名字。其设计风格没有太大的变动，多变的几何面大量借鉴了之前推出的兰博基尼限量版碳纤维跑车Reventon的元素。剪刀门作为“大牛”的经典特征毫无悬念地得以保留。
Aventado全车大量采用了碳纤维强化材料，甚至配备了全碳纤维复合材料单壳体车身。其底盘总重量只有229千克，但是刚性却达到了惊人的35000牛·米的抗扭度，可以保证Aventador在任何时候都拥有着无与伦比的底盘刚性。此外Aventador的车架同样使用全碳纤维打造，以减轻重量。
来自Murcieolago的6.5升V12引擎，通过工程师的重新调校，最大功率达到700马力，扭矩峰值达到690牛·米。与其搭配的7速Giziaro ISR单离合器变速箱比双离合器变速箱轻20千克，换挡速度却比大众的DSG变速箱还要快50%。在如此强大的动力系统的帮助下，Aventador的0～100千米/小时加速时间仅为2.9秒，最高时速350千米/小时。
雷克萨斯LFA
雷克萨斯LFA的开发历程十分曲折，设计团队总是希望将最新的技术融入其中，这造成了设计上的多次修改，耗时10余年才最终与消费者见面。
采用最新研发的三维碳纤维编织法，雷克萨斯LFA的碳纤维单体横造式底盘和车身拥有4倍于铝材的高强度。以65%的碳纤维增强塑料和35%的铝合金材料构成的LFA车身结构，比同样的铝制车身轻100多千克，而且更加坚固。
LFA核心力量来自于全新的4.8升 V10高转速引擎。这款前中置V10引擎的体积与传统的V8引擎相当，而重量却低于一般的V6引擎，升功率高达85.7千瓦。这款高性能发动机能够在8700转/分时输出412千瓦的最大功率。这使得LFA 的0～100千米/小时加速时间控制在3.7秒。
奔驰SLS AMG GT3
针对现有的跑车，推出赛车版本是各大厂商为性能发烧友提供的便利。奔驰SLS AMG GT3就是这样一款赛车化后的产品。在遵循FIA GT3规则下，工程师们彻底将SLS AMG的那层上流社会的丝绒外衣撕去，将它隐藏的极致“愤怒”完全释放了出来，这所带来的就是无与伦比的赛道速度。
设计师为SLS AMG GT3增加了一个尺寸足够暴力的尾翼，碳纤维增强复合材料被广泛使用在车门、引擎盖、挡泥板等部位。车辆内饰进行了大幅精简，变为更纯粹的赛车化走向，碳纤维材料充斥其中。
奔驰SLS AMG GT3依然沿用了那台6.3升V8引擎，但经过重新调校之后，最大功率达到429千瓦，比现款车型提升了15千瓦，而峰值扭矩输出则依然为650牛·米，与之匹配的是7速双离合器变速箱换挡速度也有相应的提升。最终的结果是奔驰SLS AMG GT3能在3.7秒内完成0～100千米/小时加速，比现款车型缩短了0.1秒，并且最高时速达317千米/小时。
保时捷918 Spyder
保时捷918 Spyder已经不再是概念车，在第一批车即将交付之前，它再次打破了自己先前创造的惊世纪录。这款超级跑车成功地实施了最终调校，实现了非凡的加速性能。在配备重量经过优化的魏斯阿赫组件后，该车从静止加速至100 千米/小时仅需2.6秒，缩短了0.2秒。改进措施也给这款混合动力超级跑车的电动性能带来了进一步优化。在前桥和后桥两台电动机的驱动下，从静止加速至100 千米/小时仅需6.2秒，比之前缩短了0.7 秒，而且完全零排放。它只用了6分57秒就跑完了纽伯格林北环赛道，创造了史无前例的公路跑车单圈用时纪录。该车在新欧洲行驶循环中的耗油量仅为3.0升/100千米。
迈凯轮MP4-12C
在沉寂多年之后，迈凯轮这家久负盛名的英国赛车工程公司终于推出了新的整车产品MP4-12C。在它身上，迈凯轮应用了大量来自F1赛车的先进技术。其名称的前半部分来自于1997年的F1赛车MP4-12，C则代表使用了碳纤维单体式座舱。 MP4-12C采用的超轻超硬的碳纤维座舱与F1赛车的单体壳有些相似，相比竞争对手和前任车型McLaren F1所用的多块冲压钢板焊接而成的车体更结实，也更为轻巧。整个碳纤维座舱仅重80千克。
在轻量化车身以及3.8升双涡轮增压V8引擎的帮助下，MP4-12C的百公里加速时间仅为3.3秒。当然它的亮点还不在这里。
半自动制动辅助转向系统是MP4-12C的亮点技术，它通过对单个后轮施加制动力以减少转向不足。这项功能替代了限滑差速器锁，从而可以进一步降低整备质量，同时获得相似的弯道表现。
克尔维特Z06
克尔维特Z06的售价要比竞争对手低许多，这也成就了其平民超跑的美名，除此之外还有让对手汗颜的销量。虽然拥有同样低矮的车身，克尔维特Z06的线条使其看起来更为壮硕，这也是美式肌肉车共同的特征。
引擎盖上的进气口并不是装饰，下面藏着一台排量7.0升的V8自然吸气引擎。在涡轮泛滥的时代，美国的超跑制造商们仍然钟情于自然吸气并非没有道理。自然吸气引擎输出更为线性，不需要额外的冷却系统，结构也更为简单。当然升功率与涡轮引擎相比没有太多优势，但是排量弥补了这一不足。克尔维特Z06搭载LS7引擎，最大马力为511匹，最大扭矩637牛·米，配备六速手动变速箱。其百公里加速需3.7秒，这一成绩与许多排量只有其一半的涡轮增压对手相当。
Koenigsegg Agera R
The Swiss has established their foothold in the supercar market with Koenigsegg products. The debut of its latest Agera R is another dazzling success proving its ability to compete with prestigious manufacturers like Bugatti， Ferrari and Porsche.
With a 70kg chassis and a 1330kg total weight， the Koenigsegg Agera R is lighter than nearly every competitor. Its 5 litre V8 twin-turbo engine develops as high as 1115 hp with 1200 Nm of torque but weights only 197kg. The Swiss environment awareness is also shown on the Agera R. Its 14.7L/100km fuel burn makes it a very economical model among super cars.
Equipped with a 7 speed gearbox， Agera R can accelerate 0–100 km/h in 2.9 seconds and reach a theoretical top speed of 443km/h， although the top speed of all Agera series are set at375km/h.
Ferrari 458 Italia
458 Italia is not the fastest supercar. It takes 3.4s to accelerate from 0 to 100km/h. But its futurist design brings a refreshing surprise as a breakaway from Ferrari tradition.
The supercar has a memorable name. 458 derives from its 4.5L V8 engine， and Italia its place of origin. Designed by Pininfarina， 458 Italia throws away all traditional features of Ferrari. On its front air inlet aerodynamic wings are attached for less air resistance.
The dazzling design is complimented with lighter materials. Its bumper， rear mirror and seat frame are replaced with carbon fiber materials， and its anti-roll bars， lower swing arm， anti-collision beam， springs， wheels and screw caps are made of aluminum alloy or titanium alloy for further weight reduction.
Lexus LFA
The development of Lexus LFA is a long and winding process. Because of the strong desire of the design team to incorporate the latest technology， it takes many revisions and more than 10 years for it to finally meet its consumers. With the latest carbon fiber weaving technology， the LFA carbon fiber monocoque is four times stronger than aluminum. Made of 65% Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic and 35% aluminum alloy， the car frame is 100 kg lighter and much stronger than similar size aluminum body structure.
LFA is powered by a 4.8L V10 engine. The front-mid placed engine is of the same size of a traditional V8 engine， but weighs less than a V6 engine. Its power per liter is 85.7kw and can deliver a maximum 412kw at 8，700rpm， accelerating LFA from 0-100km/h in 3.7s.
Lamborghini Aventador
In keeping with Lamborghini tradition， the new flagship model is named after a Bull - Aventador which fought valiantly in Spanish Bullfighting. It inherits the main design features of Lamborghini’s limited production of Reventon， including its contorted surfaces and signature scissor doors.
Carbon fiber materials are widely used on the Aventado. Its carbon fiber monocoque weighs a feathery 229 Kg but could take a torque of 35000Nm. Its unit body is also made entirely of carbon fiber composite material to reduce weight.
The 6.5L V12 engine from Murchieolago is tuned to deliver a maximum 700hp with a maximum torque of 690Nm. Its 7 speed gearbox is 20kg lighter than dual-clutch gearbox， but 50% more efficient than the Volkswagen DSG. With a top speed of 350km/h， it can get from 0 -100km/h in 2.9 seconds.
Porsche 918 Spyder
Porsche 918 Spyder is no longer a concept supercar. Shortly before delivery of the first vehicles， the Porsche 918 Spyder breaks its own record. After final tuning， the Porsche supercar is now capable of even stronger sprinting performance. Fitted with the weight-optimized Weissach package， the vehicle now accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 2.6 seconds， 0.2 seconds that before. The enhancements also bring benefits in terms of the electrical performance delivered by the hybrid supercar. The two electric motors on the front and rear axle allow the 918 Spyder to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in 6.2 seconds， 0.7 than before fine tuning， without producing any emissions. The 918 Spyder holds the lap record for road vehicles on the Nürburgring Nordschleife at 6：57 minutes. Its total NEDC fuel consumption is only 3.01/100 km.
Mclaren MP4-12C
After years of silence， the prestigious British race car manufacturer finally rolled out its new wholly self-designed and built model， MP4-12C. As the name indicates， F1 technologies are used extensively on MP4-12C. MP4-12 refers to its 1997 F1 race car， and C represents carbon fiber its carbon fiber chassis. Weighing only 80 kg， the chassis is based around a F1 style one-piece carbon fiber tub lighter and stronger than the stamped steel chassis of its McLaren F1 predecessor.
With lighter body and powered by a 3.8L twin-turbo V8 engine， MP4-12C can accelerate from 0-100km in 3.3 seconds.
Another highlight of the MP4-12C is a F1 sourced technology dubbed "brake steer" where the inside rear wheel is braked during fast cornering to reduce understeer. By replacing limited slip differential （LSD） with break steer， MP4-12C is able to reduce weight while maintenance similar cornering performance.
Mercedes Benz SLS AMG GT3
The SLS AMG GT3 is a race car version of existing Mercedes-Benz sport car model， developed in accordance with the FIA （Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile） GT3 regulations. Engineers ripped off its velvet upper class appearance and released its innate “wrath”- unrivaled race speed.
The SLS AMG GT3 is fitted with a big size spoiler and carbon fiber doors， engine cover， and splashboard. The interior is also simplified towards race cars.
The SLS AMG GT3 still uses the 6.3L V8 engine of SLS AMG GT3 Coupé， but after fine tuning， the engine can deliver a maximum 429km， up 15kw than the sport car model， and a maximum torque of 650Nm. The 7 speed dual clutch gearbox is correspondingly improved. The enhanced SLS AMG GT3 can accelerate from 0 to 100km/h in 3.7 seconds， 0.1 faster and reach a top speed is 317km/h.
Corvette Z06
Known as a sports car for the regular wealthy， Corvette Z06 is sold at a much lower price and higher volume than competition. At similar height as other supercars， Corvette Z06 emits a more masculine growl like typical masculine US cars.
The air inlet on the hood is not decoration， but the intake valve of Z06′s 7.0-liter V8 naturally aspirated engine. In turbo age， US supercar makers choose naturally aspirated engines for good reasons - linear power output， no extra cooling system， and simple structure. It cannot compete with turbo engines in terms of power per liter， but it makes up with a high displacement. With LS7 engine and 6 speed manual transmissions， it delivers a maximum 511ps at 6300 rpm and 637Nm of torque at 4800 rpm. It needs 3.7s to accelerate from 0-100km/h， similar to the sprint capacity of a turbo-charging engine half its size.