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目的调查海口市初中生的年龄、性别、身高的分布情况及高血压的现患率。方法 2013年10月至2014年12月采用分层随机整群抽样法对海口市四个行政区内14所初中68个班级的4 133名学生进行问卷调查,并测定其身高和血压。结果 (1)初学生年龄分布范围10~18岁,集中分布在12~14岁,市区低年龄组较城郊高;(2)男女比例随着年龄增长而加大;(3)男生和女生身高增长的快速期均在12岁启动,但男生的增高速度和平均身高明显高于女生,市区男女生的平均身高大于城郊;(4)采用海口市初中生高血压参考诊断标准评估12~14岁学生高血压的初筛总现患率,男生为26.23%,女生为20.25%,男女间差异比较有非常显著统计学意义(P<0.01);12~14岁三个年龄组的初筛总现患率分别为17.98%、24.56%和28.3%(P<0.01),其中Ⅰ期高血压的现患率分别为12.32%、15.56%、18.19%,Ⅱ期高血压的现患率分别为5.66%、9.01%和10.11%,两期高血压年龄组间的现患率比较差异均有非常显著的统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论海口市初中男女学生的年龄、性别、身高分布有自己的特点;高血压现患率已到了相当高的水平,且有随年龄增长而升高的趋势,必须引起高度关注。
Objective To investigate the distribution of age, sex, height and prevalence of hypertension among junior high school students in Haikou city. Methods From October 2013 to December 2014, stratified random cluster sampling method was used to survey 4 133 students from 68 junior high schools in 14 junior high schools in four districts of Haikou City. The height and blood pressure were measured. Results (1) The age distribution range of primary schoolchildren ranged from 10 to 18 years, with a concentration of 12 to 14 years old. The urban low-age group was higher than the suburbs. (2) The male-female ratio increased with age. (3) The male and female students The rapid growth of height was started at the age of 12, but the growth rate and average height of boys were significantly higher than those of girls. The average height of boys and girls in urban areas was greater than that of suburbs. (4) The prevalence rate of primary hypertension screening in 14-year-old students was 26.23% for boys and 20.25% for girls. There was significant difference between men and women (P <0.01) The prevalence rates were 17.98%, 24.56% and 28.3% respectively (P <0.01). The prevalence rates of stage I hypertension were 12.32%, 15.56% and 18.19% respectively. The prevalence rates of stage II hypertension were 5.66% and 9.01 % And 10.11% respectively. There were significant differences in the prevalence rates between the two age groups (P <0.01). Conclusions Age, sex and height distribution of male and female students in junior middle school in Haikou City have their own characteristics. The prevalence of hypertension is at a very high level and tends to increase with age. Therefore, it must be highly concerned.