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在现代隧道工程中,无论是作临时的还是永久的支护,都广泛推行喷射混凝土结构。在有足够强度和稳定性的岩体中,喷射混凝土厚度为100～150mm,作为衬砌的表面层和起承受压力的作用。在软弱和破碎性岩体中,由于隧道需要承受很大的山体压力,所以喷射混凝土支撑应有足够的刚度(厚度达300～350mm 或更多),也要有高强度,为的是使其不仅能承受压力,也能承受拉力。在有些情况下,喷射混凝土层需要用钢纤维加固(钢纤维喷射混凝土),或增加钢拱或锚杆。采用这种衬砌的隧道,一般在掘进时采用新奥法。在打开隧道的纵断面图后即确定了
In modern tunneling projects, shotcrete structures are widely practiced, both for temporary and permanent support. In rock masses of sufficient strength and stability, the shotcrete thickness is 100-150 mm, acting as a surface layer of the lining and under pressure. In soft and brittle rock masses, the shotcrete support should have sufficient stiffness (300-350 mm or more in thickness) and high strength in order to withstand large mountain pressures in the tunnel so that Not only can withstand the pressure, but also can withstand the tension. In some cases, shotcrete layers require reinforcement with steel fibers (steel fiber shotcrete) or addition of steel arches or bolts. The use of such a lining of the tunnel, the general adoption of the new Austrian law in tunneling. After opening the longitudinal section of the tunnel is determined