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[目的]分析某卷烟厂烟草尘和噪声危害的分布特征,为卷烟生产企业确定职业病危害因素关键控制点提供依据。[方法]收集2010—2014年某卷烟厂烟草尘和噪声定期检测资料,结合该厂生产工艺及职业病防护措施调查情况,分析不同年份及不同工序的烟草尘浓度和噪声强度及其超标率变化规律。[结果]2012—2014年,该厂烟草尘的时间加权平均浓度具有明显差异,其中2012年烟草尘平均浓度为(1.97±2.43)mg/m~3,超标率23.0%,明显高于其他年份(P<0.05)。烟梗制丝工序烟草尘平均浓度为(1.92±2.82)mg/m~3,超标率26.3%,明显高于其他工序(P<0.05)。膨胀烟丝工序的烟草尘浓度为(1.33±0.81)mg/m~3,与烟梗制丝工序之间没有明显差异,但明显高于其他工序(P<0.05)。5年中该厂8 h等效噪声A声级集中在80.00~83.45 d B(A)范围内,没有明显变化。卷接包工序的8 h等效声级为(87.8±2.3)d B(A),超标率达89.3%,均明显高于其他工序(P<0.05)。[结论]卷烟厂应尽量避免人工摘梗,降低工人的接触机会,注重保养吹扫时烟草尘扬尘的控制,加强局部通风及个人防护。卷接包工序噪声的控制是该卷烟厂职业危害防治的重点,应作为关键控制点。
[Objective] To analyze the distribution characteristics of tobacco dust and noise hazards in a cigarette factory and provide the basis for determining the key control points of occupational disease hazard factors in cigarette manufacturers. [Method] The data of regular inspection of tobacco dust and noise in a cigarette factory from 2010 to 2014 were collected. According to the investigation of the production process and occupational disease prevention measures of the factory, the changes of tobacco dust concentration, noise intensity and excessive rate in different years and processes were analyzed . [Result] The time-weighted average concentration of tobacco dust in 2012-2014 was significantly different. Among them, the average concentration of tobacco dust in 2012 was (1.97 ± 2.43) mg / m ~ 3 and the over-standard rate was 23.0%, which was obviously higher than other years (P <0.05). The average concentration of tobacco dust in tobacco stems was (1.92 ± 2.82) mg / m ~ 3, exceeding the rate of 26.3%, which was significantly higher than that of other processes (P <0.05). Tobacco dust concentration in expanded tobacco was (1.33 ± 0.81) mg / m ~ 3, which was not significantly different from that of tobacco stems but significantly higher than that of other processes (P <0.05). In 5 years, the 8-h equivalent noise A sound level of the plant concentrated in the range of 80.00-83.45 d B (A), with no significant change. The 8 h equivalent sound level of the rewinding process was (87.8 ± 2.3) d B (A) and the over standard rate was 89.3%, which were significantly higher than those of other processes (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Cigarette factory should try its best to avoid artificial stems, reduce worker ’s exposure, pay attention to the control of tobacco dust during purge, enhance local ventilation and personal protection. The control of noise in the roll-in process is the key point in the prevention and control of occupational hazards of the cigarette factory and should be taken as the key control point.