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目的:讨论比较上颌后牙区骨高度不足病例的种植修复的各种方法。材料和方法:解决上颌后牙区骨高度不足的常用外科手段根据手术径路可分为:(1)短种植体的应用(2)经上颌窦外侧壁开窗植骨术;(3)经牙槽嵴顶的上颌窦内挤压提升术;(4)带角度种植体及颧骨种植体。种植体植入的时机可选择一期或二期种植。对于不同术式的选择以及种植体植入时机的把握,现有的临床标准主要依据上颌后牙区的剩余骨高度。结果:随着外科技术的发展以及种植体本身的材料设计等更新,术式的选择趋向简单、有效、低风险的外科手段,相关的临床报道亦越来越多,原有的适应症选择标准亦受到挑战。讨论:讨论上颌窦提升手段的发展和科学及临床证据,并介绍上颌窦提升术的最新研究进。结论:上颌后牙区骨量不足目前有多种有效的解决方法,但是适应症的选择要在有效的条件下尽量遵循有效的简单化的原则。
OBJECTIVE: To discuss various methods of implant restoration comparing cases of insufficient height of the maxillary posterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The common surgical means to solve the problem of the bone height of the maxillary posterior teeth area can be divided according to the surgical approach: (1) the application of short implants (2) bone graft through the lateral wall of maxillary sinus; (3) Groove crest of the maxillary sinus extrusion lift; (4) with angled implants and zygomatic implants. The timing of implants can be selected one or two planting. For different surgical options and the timing of implant placement, the existing clinical criteria are based primarily on the remnants of the maxillary posterior teeth. Results: With the development of surgical techniques and the design of implant materials, the surgical procedures tend to be simple, effective and low-risk. Relevant clinical reports are also increasing. The original criteria for selection of indications Also challenged. Discussion: discuss the development of maxillary sinus ascending and scientific and clinical evidence, and introduce the latest research progress of maxillary sinus ascending. CONCLUSION: There are many effective methods to solve the problem of bone loss in the maxillary posterior teeth area. However, the choice of indications should follow the principle of effective simplification under the effective conditions.