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80年代中期联邦德国和美国的一些材料科学家们在实验室里首先制造出了一种新型的固体材料.它是由尺寸仅为几个纳米(10~(-9)米)的超细微粒压制而成的人工凝聚态固体,通常称之为纳米固体材料或纳米尺度材料.对这种材料的研究发现,它具有全新的“类气态”(gas-like)结构,性能十分奇特.如纳米固体铁的断裂应力比常规铁材料一下子提高了近12倍;纳米固体铜又比一般铜材料的热扩散增强了近一倍.更为奇怪的是,普通状态下呈脆性的陶瓷,在纳米固体材料中却能被弯曲,其塑性形变竟然高达100％.这使得长期为增强陶瓷韧性而费尽心血的科学工作者们大为振奋.纳米固体材料的一系列特性,引起了科学家们的浓厚兴趣,并积极开展了对这种材料的结构特点、制造方法、特性和应用的研究.
In the mid-1980s some material scientists in the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States first created a new type of solid material in the laboratory that was pressed by ultrafine particles of only a few nanometers (10-9 cm) The resulting condensed condensed solid, often referred to as nanosolid or nanoscale materials, has been found to have a completely new “gas-like” structure that is very peculiarly characterized, such as nanosolid Iron fracture stress than conventional iron material suddenly increased nearly 12 times; nano-solid copper than ordinary copper material thermal diffusivity increased nearly double.More strange is that the general state of brittle ceramic, in the nano-solid The material can be bent, its plastic deformation even up to 100% .This makes the long-term to enhance the toughness of ceramics and painstaking scientists excited.Nano-solid materials, a series of characteristics, has aroused great interest of scientists , And actively carried out on the structural characteristics of this material, manufacturing methods, characteristics and applications of research.