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基于2013—2014年间的生态调查结果,评价了江苏海门蛎岈山牡蛎礁的生态现状。无人机航拍结果显示,江苏海门蛎岈山分布有750个潮间带区牡蛎礁斑块,总面积约为201519.37 m2;与2003年相比,海门蛎岈山牡蛎礁面积约下降了38.8%。活体牡蛎的平均盖度约为66%,2013年5和9月熊本牡蛎Crassostrea sikamea的平均密度分别为(2199±363)个/m2和(2894±330)个/m2。2013年5月海门蛎岈山熊本牡蛎种群的平均肥满度(CI)和性腺指数(GI)分别为(9.76±0.95)%和(1013±82)mg/g,均显著低于浙江象山港养殖的熊本牡蛎种群(P<0.05)。海门蛎岈山熊本牡蛎的单倍体多样性和核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.119和0.00028,均高于长江口野生种群和浙江象山港养殖种群。海门蛎岈山熊本牡蛎种群受到尼氏单孢子虫(Haplosporidium nelson)的轻度浸染,其感染率(17.2%)低于浙江象山港养殖群体(47.3%)。泥沙沉积和人类捕捞是江苏海门蛎岈山牡蛎礁面临的主要胁迫因子,今后牡蛎礁恢复的重点是增加附着底物的数量。
Based on the ecological survey results between 2013 and 2014, the ecological status of oyster reefs at Oyster Mountain in Haimen, Jiangsu Province was evaluated. UAV aerial photographing results showed that oyster reef patches of 750 intertidal zones were distributed in Haishu, Haimen, with a total area of about 201519.37 m2. Compared with 2003, the oyster reef area of Haimen oyster oysters decreased by about 38.8% . The average coverage of living oysters was about 66%, and the mean densities of Crassostrea sikamea were (2199 ± 363) / m2 and (2894 ± 330) / m2 respectively in May and September 2013. In May 2013, The average fatness (CI) and gonad index (GI) of P. oyster population in Mt. Kumazana were (9.76 ± 0.95)% and (1013 ± 82) mg / g, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in Kumamoto oyster P <0.05). The haploid diversity and nucleotide diversity index of Oyster oyster in Oyster Oyster Mountain of Haimen were 0.119 and 0.00028, respectively, which were higher than those of Yangtze River estuary wild population and Xiangshan Harbor of Zhejiang Province. The oyster population of Oyster oyster in Oyster Oyster Mounts in Haimen was mildly infected with Haplosporidium nelson, and the infection rate (17.2%) was lower than that in Xiangshan harbor (47.3%). Sediment sedimentation and human fishing are the main stress factors facing Oyster Oyster Reef in Haimen, Jiangsu Province. The focus of oyster reef recovery in the future is to increase the amount of attached substrate.