抗体因它们的中和细菌毒素能力而被人们发现。近一百年来,人们从实验动物身上获取的抗血清挽救了许多生命。曾有一时期,抗血清看来似乎可解决许多医疗问题,但后来很快发现反复注射这种外来物抗体会使机体产生有害的超过敏反应。随着单克隆抗体的问世及普遍使用,如能避免产生超过敏反应,许多血清治疗的新用途很值得探索。解决这个间题有三种方法可供选择,其一是利用经典来源的单克隆抗体,即大鼠或小鼠的杂交瘤细胞抗体。但在治疗前或治疗过程中诱导啮齿类的免疫球蛋白无特异性反应。其二是利用人单克隆抗体,通过人杂交瘤细胞制备或由EB病毒诱导转 Antibodies have been found for their ability to neutralize bacterial toxins. Antisera, which people have acquired from laboratory animals, has saved many lives for nearly a century. There was a time when antisera seemed to solve many medical problems, but it was soon discovered that repeated injections of this foreign antibody would cause the body to produce deleterious hypersensitivity reactions. With the advent and widespread use of monoclonal antibodies, many of the new uses of serum therapy are worth exploring for avoiding the hypersensitivity reaction. There are three ways to solve this problem: one is the use of a monoclonal antibody of classical origin, a rat or mouse hybridoma antibody. However, rodent immunoglobulins induced no specific response before or during treatment. The second is the use of human monoclonal antibodies, prepared by human hybridoma cells or induced by Epstein-Barr virus