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目的分析江西省1998-2007年流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行趋势,为制定流脑防控策略提供科学依据。方法对疫情信息监测管理系统的监测资料及流脑防治资料采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果江西省自20世纪80年代推广使用A群流脑疫苗以来,流脑流行的周期性被打破,流脑发病率呈逐年下降趋势,但2004年以来有所波动;1998-2007年全省累计报告流脑病例595例,年均发病率为0.14/10万,年均死亡率为0.0097/10万,病死率为6.89%;发病分布有明显的地区差异,大多数病例分布在山区和边远的农村;高发季节为冬春季,发病高峰是1-4月份,发病年龄以<15岁为主,占77.98%;健康人群带菌以B群为主,C群带菌率逐年上升;C群血清抗体水平较低,不足以建立免疫屏障。结论近10年来,江西省流脑呈现发病率低,病死率高,分布广泛,发病具有明显的地域性、季节性和年龄高峰等特征。加强流脑菌群监测及疫情预测预报,切实做好A+C群流脑疫苗的预防接种和应急免疫工作,重视经济不发达地区和边远山区人群的宣传教育,以控制流脑的发生和流行。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Jiangxi Province from 1998 to 2007 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of meningitis. Methods The monitoring data of epidemic situation information monitoring and management system and the epidemiological method of epidemic encephalitis were used to analyze the data. Results Since the promotion of Group A meningitis vaccine in Jiangxi Province in the 1980s, the prevalence of meningococci has been shattered and the incidence of meningitis has been declining year by year, but fluctuated since 2004. From 1998 to 2007, Reported 595 cases of meningitis cases, the average annual incidence was 0.14 / 100,000, the average annual mortality rate was 0.0097 / 100,000, the case fatality rate was 6.89%; the incidence of distribution of significant regional differences, the majority of cases are located in mountainous and remote In rural areas, the high incidence season was winter and spring, and the peak incidence was from January to April. The age of onset was <15 years old, accounting for 77.98%. The healthy population was mainly B group, while the C population was increased year by year. Lower, not sufficient to establish immune barrier. Conclusions In recent 10 years, the incidence of meningitis in Jiangxi Province is low, with high mortality and widespread distribution. The incidence of meningitis in Jiangxi Province is obviously regional, seasonal and age-peaked. Strengthen the monitoring of meningococcal flora and forecast the epidemic situation, and effectively do the vaccination and emergency immunization of group A + C meningococcal vaccines, pay attention to the propaganda and education of economically underdeveloped areas and outlying mountainous areas to control the occurrence and prevalence of meningitis .