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新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,远离海洋,干旱少雨,洪水频发,生态环境极为脆弱,水土流失状况十分严重。根据国家遥感普查统计,新疆水土流失面积达103万km~2,占全国水土流失面积的28.1%。其中水力侵蚀面积11万km~2,风力侵蚀面积92万km~2。全疆近7万km~2绿洲面积,其中2万km~2存在不同程度的水土流失。新疆86个县(市)中,有80个县(市)有荒漠化土地分布,近2/3的土地面积和1200多万人遭受荒漠化危害。全疆土地沙化仍以每年350km~2的速度在扩展,洪水侵蚀的耕地年均5万多亩;全区水库库容有1/3被泥沙淤积;泥石流时有发生;全区有1/3的耕地和1/2的宜农荒地受到盐碱侵害。日趋严重的水土流失对新疆的经济发展和社会安定构成了严重威胁。本文从政策上分析,治理技术上探讨,结合当前存在的问题,对今后新疆的水土保持工作提出了若干意见。
Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, far away from the ocean, arid and drizzle, frequent floods, the ecological environment is extremely fragile, soil erosion is very serious. According to the national census by remote sensing, the area of soil erosion in Xinjiang reaches 1.03 million km ~ 2, accounting for 28.1% of the total area of soil erosion in China. Among them, the area of water erosion is 110,000km ~ 2 and the area of wind erosion is 920,000km ~ 2. Xinjiang nearly 70,000 km ~ 2 oasis area, of which 20,000 km ~ 2 there is varying degrees of soil erosion. Of the 86 counties (cities) in Xinjiang, 80 counties (cities) have desertified land, nearly two thirds of the land area and over 12 million people have been desertified. Xinjiang desertification is still expanding at an annual rate of 350km ~ 2, with an average annual amount of more than 50,000 mu of arable land eroded by floods. One-third of the total reservoir area is covered with sediment; debris flows occur from time to time; and 1/3 Of the arable land and 1/2 of the suitable farmland wasteland are affected by saline and alkali. The increasingly serious soil and water loss pose a serious threat to the economic development and social stability in Xinjiang. This article from the policy analysis, governance technology, combined with the current problems, the future of soil and water conservation in Xinjiang put forward a number of opinions.