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目的探讨桂林汉族、壮族和瑶族青少年的血压水平、血压偏高检出率及其影响因素,为有效预防高血压的发生提供参考。方法对桂林市2015年22 356名应届高考学生进行体检,比较3个民族青少年血压水平、血压偏高检出率,并分析其影响因素。结果市区、县城及乡镇男生和女生的收缩压分别为(116.7±10.0),(114.6±11.6),(113.7±11.2)和(105.1±9.3),(106.3±11.0),(106.9±10.5)mm Hg,舒张压分别为(70.8±6.8),(71.7±8.2),(71.3±8.1)和(66.5±5.6),(68.2±7.8),(68.0±7.4)mm Hg。男生血压水平高于女生,县城学生高于市区和乡镇(P值均<0.05)。瑶族青少年血压水平较高,收缩压和舒张压均值为(110.3±12.5)和(70.6±8.6)mm Hg,血压偏高检出率为36.4%;汉族青少年血压水平较低,收缩压和舒张压均值为(109.7±11.3)和(69.2±7.9)mm Hg,血压偏高检出率为16.4%(P值均<0.05)。血压偏高的检出率为肥胖组(42.8%)>超重组(24.5%)>体重正常组(19.1%)(P<0.05)。结论桂林高考学生的血压水平和高血压的检出率与民族、生活环境、肥胖相关,高血压的预防应从儿童青少年开始,倡导健康的生活方式。
Objective To explore the blood pressure level, high detection rate and influencing factors of Han, Zhuang and Yao adolescents in Guilin, so as to provide reference for effectively preventing the occurrence of hypertension. Methods A total of 22 356 college entrance examination students in 2015 in Guilin city were examined by physical examination. The blood pressure level and the prevalence of high blood pressure in three ethnic groups were compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The systolic blood pressure of boys and girls in urban area, county town and township were (116.7 ± 10.0), (114.6 ± 11.6), (113.7 ± 11.2) and (105.1 ± 9.3), (106.3 ± 11.0) and (106.9 ± 10.5) mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure were (70.8 ± 6.8), (71.7 ± 8.2), (71.3 ± 8.1) and (66.5 ± 5.6), (68.2 ± 7.8) and (68.0 ± 7.4) mm Hg, respectively. The boys’ blood pressure was higher than that of girls, and the county students were higher than those in urban areas and townships (P <0.05). The prevalence of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was higher in Yao nationality (110.3 ± 12.5) and diastolic blood pressure (70.6 ± 8.6) mm Hg, and the higher the prevalence of hypertension was (36.4%). The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were lower in Han adolescents Mean values were (109.7 ± 11.3) and (69.2 ± 7.9) mm Hg, respectively. The detection rate of high blood pressure was 16.4% (P <0.05). The detection rate of high blood pressure was obesity group (42.8%)> overweight group (24.5%)> normal weight group (19.1%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of blood pressure and hypertension in Guilin college entrance examination is related to ethnicity, living environment and obesity. Prevention of hypertension should start from children and adolescents and advocate healthy life style.