校对,古称校雠。“一人读书,校其上下,得谬误,为校。一人持本,一人读书,若怨家相对,故曰雠也。”(应劭:《风俗通义》)狭义的校对,就是根据原稿或定本校对印样,订正错误。广义的校对,又叫校勘,兼指书籍版本、目录、收藏和流传的研究。鲁迅当过校对,也校勘过许多书。早在留学日本期间,他就给人校过一部译著,得到一些微薄的收入,以贴补学费的不足。在北京教育部工作期间,他经常伏案校勘古籍到深夜。一部《嵇康集》,他校了许多遍。他以吴宽丛书堂影宋钞本作底本,比照《全三国文》及其他五家刻本进行校读,补正脱落,去其衍误,使他校的《嵇康集》成为最完善的本子。他还以唐宋类书所引文字,校武英殿聚珍本唐刘恂作的《岭表录异》三卷,并补遗。1915年以后,他搜集碑刻,从拓本抄写本文,与《金石萃编》相校,看出了此书的许多错误。正是这种深厚的校勘功夫,使鲁迅一旦从事新文学书刊的校对工作,就成为一名杰出的校对者。 Proofreading, ancient name school 雠. “(Reading,:” Custom Tong Yi “) Narrow sense of proofreading, is based on the original manuscript or Set proofreading proofreading, correct mistakes. General proofreading, also known as collation, and refers to the book version, directory, collection and spread of research. Lu Xun had proofread, but also collated many books. As early as studying in Japan, he gave the school a translation, get some meager income, in order to supplement the lack of tuition fees. During his tenure at the Ministry of Education in Beijing, he often inspected ancient books at midnight into the night. A ”嵇 Kang set“, his school many times. He used the Kuan Kuan Bookstore as the base for this book, compared with the ”Three All-China“ and other five engraved books, corrected and shedding his mistakes, making his Ji Kang Ji become the most perfect book. He also quoted in the Tang and Song dynasties books, school Wu Yingdian poly Jane Ben Tang made ”Ling table recorded differences“ three volumes, and addendum. After 1915, he collected the inscriptions, copied the text from the rubbings, and ”epigraphy" matched the school, saw many errors in this book. It is precisely this deep collation effort that enabled Lu Xun to become an outstanding proofreader once he was engaged in proofreading of new literature books and periodicals.