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近20年来美国及西欧各国都很重视医院内感染(国外医学分册内科1987;14(4):173)。1970年美国成立了全国医院内感染监测系统,收集和分析有关美国医院内感染的资料。美国每年有100万人在医院内相互感染发病,直接死于感染的有20000人,估计医院内感染率为5～10％。大的教学医院(500张床位以上的医院)感染率为4％。各科感染率也不同,如外科为4.7％,内科为3.7％,妇产科为2.8～1.4％,新生儿科及儿科为1.3～1.4％,其中尿路感染占院内感
In the past 20 years, the United States and Western European countries attach great importance to nosocomial infections (Foreign Medical Sciences 1987; 14 (4): 173). In 1970, the United States set up a national surveillance system for nosocomial infections to collect and analyze information on infections in the United States hospitals. In the United States, there are 1 million people infected with each other in the hospital each year and 20,000 people die directly from the infection. The estimated infection rate in the hospital is 5 to 10%. The infection rate of a large teaching hospital (a hospital with more than 500 beds) is 4%. The infection rates were also different in different departments, such as 4.7% in surgery, 3.7% in medicine, 2.8% ~ 1.4% in obstetrics and gynecology, 1.3% ~ 1.4% in neonatology and pediatrics,