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城市森林是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,在构建舒适的居住环境和改善城市生态环境方面起着举足轻重的作用,而城市森林树种配置是否合理直接关系到城市森林生态服务功能。在植物配置上国外流行10/20/30法则即最合理的配置是某一种的比例不能超过10%、属的比例不能超过20%、科的比例不能超过30%,否则将影响生态系统的稳定。而目前国内尚未根据这一经验法则对城市森林进行系统研究。在哈尔滨市四环以内的区域选取了196块城市森林样地,调查其树种组成并按行政区域、城市环路和林型进行分类,基于10/20/30法则对哈尔滨市城市森林树种配置进行评价。结果显示:哈尔滨市城市森林常见树种共66种隶属于34属18科;最常见的种是银中杨(Populus alba)(13.5%),最常见的属是杨属(37.6%),最常见科是杨柳科(45.5%);哈尔滨市城市森林在种的水平上配置比较合理,但在属和科的水平上配置不合理,其主要原因是哈尔滨市城市森林中单种属(科)占绝对优势。因此,在今后的城市森林建设中应减少杨属和杨柳科植物的使用,增加其他科属植物的使用频率。同时,本研究为哈尔滨市不同行政区域、城市环路和林分类型的树种选择提出了具体建议。
Urban forest is an important part of urban ecosystem, playing an important role in building a comfortable living environment and improving the urban ecological environment. However, the rational allocation of urban forest tree species is directly related to the urban forest ecological service function. In the plant configuration on the overseas popularity 10/20/30 law that is the most reasonable allocation of a ratio of not more than 10%, genera of the ratio can not exceed 20%, the proportion of families can not exceed 30%, otherwise it will affect the ecosystem stable. At present, there is no systematic study on urban forest based on this rule of thumb in China. A total of 196 urban forest plots were selected in the area within the Fourth Ring Road in Harbin. The species composition of the urban forest was investigated and classified according to the administrative area, city loop and forest type. Based on the 10/20/30 law, the urban forest tree configuration in Harbin Evaluation. The results showed that 66 species belonging to 34 genera and 18 families were common in urban forest of Harbin. The most common species was Populus alba (13.5%) and the most common genus was Populus (37.6%), most commonly Section is poplar (45.5%); Urban forest in Harbin is more reasonable on the species level, but irrational on the level of genera and family, the main reason is that the number of single species (family) in urban forest of Harbin Absolute advantage. Therefore, in the future urban forest construction should reduce the poplar and willow plants use, and increase the frequency of other families genus. At the same time, this study made specific suggestions for the tree species selection in different administrative regions, urban loop and forest types in Harbin.