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第三届联合国海洋法会议提出的一系列关于防止船舶造成污染的原则,是对各国防污实践和制定有关国际公约的巨大推动,即新“海洋法公约”要在现今以船旗国为主实施防止船舶污染的基础上,对沿岸国和港口国作出必要规定,并要求共同实施国际防止船舶污染法。本文从船舶造成海洋污染的三个方面,将“海洋法公约”同其他有关的国际油污公约进行对比。这三个方面是:一、由船舶日常营运作业所排放的油污;二、由船舶或水上飞机故意向海洋倾到的油污;三、由船舶航运事故造成的海洋污染。作者在对比过程中,努力抓住分析船旗国管辖同沿岸国和港口国管辖之间的关系,以利了解新“海洋法公约”对发展国际防止船舶污染法的贡献。
The series of principles put forward by the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea on preventing pollution caused by ships are a great impetus to anti-pollution practices in various countries and the formulation of relevant international conventions. That is, the new UNCLOS should now be dominated by flag states On the basis of implementing the prevention of ship pollution, the necessary provisions shall be made for the littoral and port States and the common application of the International Prevention of Ship Pollution Law. This article compares the “UNCLOS” with other relevant international oil pollution conventions from three aspects of marine pollution caused by ships. These three aspects are: First, the oil discharged by the daily operation of the ship; Second, the intentional oil to the ocean by the ship or seaplane; Third, the marine pollution caused by the ship’s shipping accident. In contrast, the author tries hard to analyze the relationship between the jurisdiction of the flag state and the jurisdiction of coastal states and port states so as to understand the contributions made by the new UNCLOS in the development of international law to prevent ship pollution.