论文部分内容阅读
19世纪末,自由资本主义逐渐向垄断资本主义过渡。垄断价格的提高和劳动力市场的买方处于优势地位,造成物价大幅度上涨及大量工人失业,工人工资水平和实际工资不断降低。在工人阶级的抗争下,资本主义国家政府被迫采用法律手段强制性规定工人的工资不得低于某一程度。19世纪末的新西兰、澳大利亚是最早进行最低工资立法的国家。其后,英国、法国、美国等资本主义国家也结合本国实际,分别从保障非熟练工人或女工、童工得到最低工资出发,以立法形式建立了各自的最低工资制度,并在法律上将其适用范围由原来的个别产业、职业逐步扩展到所有产业。随着二十世纪工人运动的高涨和社会经济的发展,资本主义国家很快普遍进行了最低工资立法。
The late 19th century, free capitalism gradually transition to monopoly capitalism. The rise of monopoly prices and buyers in the labor market are in a dominant position, causing a sharp rise in prices and a large number of workers to lose their jobs. The wage levels and the real wages of workers have been declining. Under the protest of the working class, the governments of capitalist countries are forced to adopt legal measures to force workers not to be paid less than a certain percentage of their wages. In the late 19th century, New Zealand and Australia were among the earliest countries that made minimum wage legislation. Subsequently, the capitalist countries such as Britain, France and the United States also established their respective minimum wage systems in accordance with the actual conditions of their respective countries by starting from the minimum wages guaranteed to unskilled workers or female workers and child laborers, respectively, and applying them legally The scope of the original individual industries, occupations gradually extended to all industries. With the ups and downs of the workers’ movement in the twentieth century and the socio-economic development, the capitalist countries soon followed the general minimum wage legislation.