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普通物理实验中用落球法测重力加速度g时,是不计空气阻力的。因而,尽管人们在实验装置上作过种种改进,实验值(即用y=1/2gt~2算出的)与当地标准值相比相差将近2×10~(-2)m/s~2左右,甚至还要大些。出现这一偏差的原因之一是不计空气阻力的结果。本文考虑了空气阻力对计算重力加速度g的影响,推出了测量值y、t和重力加速度的关系式。并用该式计算了两个实例。最后简要地分析了误差的分配。
Common physical experiments using the falling ball method to measure the acceleration of gravity g, it does not count the air resistance. Thus, despite the improvements made in the experimental setup, the experimental values (calculated using y = 1 / 2gt ~ 2) differ by about 2 × 10 -2 m / s ~ 2 from the local standard values , Even bigger. One of the reasons for this deviation is the result of excluding air resistance. In this paper, the influence of air resistance on the calculation of the gravitational acceleration g is considered, and the relation between the measured values y and t and the gravitational acceleration is deduced. And use this formula to calculate two examples. Finally, the error distribution is briefly analyzed.