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为探讨白皮松天然群体遗传结构在地理分布上的差异,利用7对SSR引物对5个白皮松分布区域的遗传结构进行分析。结果表明:7对SSR引物在5个区域内476个单株中共检测到14个多态性位点。各区域间观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Shannon’s信息指数(I)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、Nei’s期望杂合度(Nei’s)分别介于1.7143～2.1429、1.1942～1.571、0.1948～0.4954、0.1726～0.3116、0.1178～0.3325、0.1172～0.3307之间。白皮松遗传多样性水平总体较低,区域间差异较大;遗传多样性水平最高的区域为秦岭西侧群体,其次为大巴山区群体;太行山与吕梁山群体多样性水平相对较低。区域间的遗传分化系数Fst介于0.0138～0.2242之间,基因流Nm介于0.8650～17.8646之间。遗传分化较大、基因流水平较低的区域均发生在秦岭西侧及其与其他区域之间。各区域间遗传相似系数在0.8416～0.9964之间,遗传相似度最高的群体为太行山与吕梁山区域,遗传距离最大的为太行山与秦岭西侧区域。白皮松多样性分布的中心主要存在于秦岭西侧和大巴山区域,因此应对该区域进行重点保护。
In order to explore the geographical distribution differences of the native population of Pinus bungeana, seven pairs of SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic structure of five Pinus bungeana distribution regions. The results showed that 14 pairs of SSR primers detected 14 polymorphic loci in 476 plants in 5 regions. The number of observed alleles (Na), effective alleles (Ne), Shannon’s information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and Nei’s expected heterozygosity Between 1.7143 ~ 2.1429,1.1942 ~ 1.571,0.1948 ~ 0.4954,0.1726 ~ 0.3116,0.1178 ~ 0.3325,0.1172 ~ 0.3307. The genetic diversity of Pinus bungeana was generally low, with significant differences among regions. The highest level of genetic diversity was on the west side of Qinling Mountains, followed by that of Daba Mountains. The population diversity of Taihang and Luliangshan was relatively low. The genetic differentiation coefficient Fst of the region was between 0.0138 and 0.2242, and the gene flow Nm was between 0.8650 and 17.8646. Areas where genetic differentiation is larger and gene flow is lower occur between the west side of Qinling Mountains and other areas. The genetic similarity coefficients among different regions ranged from 0.8416 to 0.9964. The groups with the highest genetic similarity were Taihang Mountain and Luliangshan Mountain, and the largest genetic distance was from Taihang Mountain to west of Qinling Mountain. The distribution of Pinus bungeana diversity mainly exists in the west side of Qinling Mountains and Dabashan area, so the key protection of the area should be carried out.