结核病是由细胞免疫——巨噬细胞为效应细胞,淋巴细胞(特别是T细胞)为免疫反应细胞控制的疾病。本文从巨噬细胞功能、细胞免疫、细胞超敏感性及肉芽肿形成来阐明结核病的发病机理。遗传因素:在结核病中起重要的作用。实验结果表明对结核病有遗传性抵抗力的纯系家兔,感染毒性牛型结核菌后,即形成空洞及支气管播散,而遗传性易感的纯系家兔则有非空洞性干酪灶及血行播散。前者与后者相较,有更多的巨噬细胞运行至感染部位;形成成熟的类上皮细胞更快(这类细胞常可抑制结核菌在其胞浆中繁殖,而未成熟的则否);形成抗体及产生细胞超敏感性也更快。遗传因素在人体结核病发病机理中的作用虽不如动物那样清 Tuberculosis is a disease controlled by cellular immunity - macrophages as effector cells, lymphocytes (especially T cells) as immune response cells. This article elucidates the pathogenesis of tuberculosis from macrophage function, cellular immunity, cell hypersensitivity and granuloma formation. Genetic factors: play an important role in tuberculosis. The experimental results show that the pure resistance to tuberculosis in pure strains of rabbits infected with virulent Mycobacterium bovis bacteria, the formation of voids and bronchial dissemination, while the genetic predisposition of pure-line rabbits have non-hollow cheese and Blood spread. The former has more macrophages than the latter to the infected site; the formation of mature epithelial cells faster (such cells can often inhibit the propagation of tuberculosis in its cytoplasm, immature or not) The formation of antibodies and production of cell hypersensitivity is also faster. The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of human TB is not as clear as that of animals