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十八世纪九十年代至十九世纪一、二十年代,英国文坛是浪漫主义诗歌和历史小说的天下,曾经在十八世纪中叶十分兴盛的现实主义小说日趋衰落。1836～1837年狄更斯的第一部长篇小说《匹克威克外传》的问世,震动了文坛,改变了英国文学发展的方向。它不仅使传统的现实主义小说得以复兴,而且奠定了以长篇小说为主要体裁的十九世纪英国批判现实主义文学的基础。 (一) 《匹克威克外传》不同于热衷描写中世纪习俗或异国风光的浪漫主义历史小说,它直接以当代英国的社会为题材。小说的镜头跟随匹克威克一行人的
From the 1890s to the 1920s, the British literary world was dominated by romantic poetry and historical novels. Realistic novels, once flourishing in the mid-18th century, have been declining. The advent of Charles Dickens’ s first novel, 1836-1837, shocked the literary world and changed the direction of British literature. It not only revitalized the traditional realistic novel, but also laid the foundation of the critical realist literature of the 19th century in Great Britain with novels as the main genre. (A) “Pickwick Papers” Unlike the romantic historical novels keen to describe the medieval customs or exotic scenery, it directly relates to contemporary British society. The lens of the novel follows Pickwick’s pedestrian