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针对目前机械式采收红花破碎率高、采净率低的问题,提出在机械切割采收前增加气力梳理整形的采收方式。通过改变红花的采收姿态,实现切割喂入角度的准确定位,从而达到提高采净率、降低破碎率的目的。结合收获期红花的物理力学特性,利用空气动力学理论,建立红花在气流场作用下梳理整形过程的动力学模型,确定红花被梳理整形的临界条件。设计圆柱管和收缩管两种梳理整形装置,通过仿真试验、对比分析,确定了梳理整形装置气流通道截面形状对红花梳理整形效果的影响规律。经高速摄像试验验证收缩管型梳理整形结构效率高于圆柱管型结构;经台架试验验证增加梳理整形装置后,较未增加梳理整形装置的采收器红花破碎率下降了28.06%,采净率提高了11.36%。
Aiming at the problem of high rate of crushing rate and low recovery rate of mechanical harvesting safflower at present, this paper puts forward the method of increasing the strength of carding and shaping before mechanical cutting and harvesting. By changing the harvesting attitude of safflower, cutting feed angle to achieve an accurate positioning, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the net acquisition rate and reducing the fragmentation rate. According to the physical and mechanical characteristics of safflower during the harvesting period, aerodynamic theory was used to establish the kinetic model of safflower’s combing and shaping process under the effect of airflow field, and to determine the critical condition of safflower being combed and shaped. Two kinds of combing and shaping devices, cylindrical tube and shrink tube, were designed. Through the simulation test and comparative analysis, the influence rules of air flow channel cross-section shape on the combing and shaping effect were determined. The high-speed camera test shows that the efficiency of the shrink-tube carded plastic truss is higher than that of the cylindrical pipe-shaped carcass. After the truss-shaped device is tested by the bench test, the safflower rate of the harvester dropped by 28.06% Net increase of 11.36%.