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土地是人类生产和生活的基地,是农业的基本生产资料。如何合理开发与利用土地并保持生态平衡问题,已引起世界各国的高度重视。我国的土地资源绝对量大,相对量少。随着建设事业的发展,土地利用状况将不断变化。如北京郊区人均占有耕地从1975至1977年由3.5亩降至1.7亩;武汉市城镇用地目前已相当于建国初期的4倍;我国铁路用地约300万亩,其中2/3是占用耕地。因此,
Land is the base of human production and life and the basic means of production of agriculture. How to develop and use the land rationally and maintain the ecological balance has drawn great attention from all the countries in the world. The absolute amount of land resources in our country is large with a relatively small amount. With the development of construction, land use will continue to change. For example, the per capita arable land on the outskirts of Beijing dropped from 3.5 mu to 1.7 mu from 1975 to 1977; the urban land in Wuhan is now 4 times that of the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China; and about 3 million mu of land is used for railways in the country, of which 2/3 are cultivated land. therefore,