向日葵(Helinthus annuus)具有强大的杂种优势,早为人们所认识。但由于它的花器特点(小型花、完全花、单实果)和花序结构特点(小花密聚型盘状花序),难以用人工去雄方法利用其杂种优势。六十年代末,法国育成了第一个质核互作型雄性不育系,揭开了向日葵杂种优势利用的序幕,尔后十余年来,在全球范围内出现了一个以应用杂交种为中心的空前的大发展的形势。我国急起直追,在八十年代初实现了三系配套,育成了自己的杂交种。但是,向日葵杂种优势的利用,毕竟时间较短,有关理论研究资料较少。为了配合我国向日葵生产和育种发展的新形势,我们在1980～1982年进行了向日葵杂种优势表现规律的研究,这 Helinthus annuus has a strong heterosis, as early as people know. However, due to its floral characteristics (small flowers, complete flowers, simple fruits) and its inflorescence structural features (inflorescences densely discoid disc inflorescences), it is difficult to exploit its heterosis by artificial dehulling methods. The end of the sixties, France bred the first nuclear-male sterile line, opened the prelude to the utilization of the sunflower heterosis, more than 10 years later, there has been a worldwide application of hybrid seed as the center The unprecedented development of the situation. Our country catch up, in the early eighties to achieve a three-line package, bred into their own hybrids. However, the utilization of sunflower heterosis, after all, a relatively short period of time, the relevant theoretical research data less. In order to meet the new situation of the sunflower production and breeding development in China, we carried out the study of the heterosis performance of sunflower from 1980 to 1982, which