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耳、鼻、咽、喉、气管、食管均是腔洞型的器官,为了窥清腔洞内的情况,要借助于一些检查器械,这些器械由机械性的管子和照明系统组成。第一类是金属硬管,用灯泡作为照明,早在1806年博兹尼(Bozzini)第一个用蜡烛光照明,通过铜管子来检查和治疗肛门及子宫疾病。1867年狄索墨赫(Desormeaux)用酒精和松节油燃烧发出的光作照明,做了一个检查尿道的内窥镜。1868年皮文(Bevan)用镁灯由反射照明而制成食管镜。1879年爱迪生(Edison)发明电以后,1881年密古里兹(Mikulicz)制成了用电灯作照明的胃镜。1907年捷克生(Jackson)把小灯泡放在气管镜的远端作为照明,增加了亮度和视野。这类器械管腔大,取异物和病理方便,但不能
Ear, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus are cavity-type organs, in order to peep the cavity inside the situation, with the help of some inspection instruments, these instruments by the mechanical tube and lighting system. The first category was a metal tube that was illuminated with a light bulb. As early as 1806, Bozzini was the first to illuminate with candles and examine and treat anal and uterine disorders through brass tubes. In 1867 Desormeaux used light from the burning of alcohol and turpentine to illuminate an endoscope to examine the urethra. 1868 Bevan made from esophageal mirrors with reflex lighting using a magnesium lamp. After 18 Edison invented electricity, in 1881 Mikulicz made gastroscopes that were illuminated with electric lamps. In 1907 Czechoslovakia (Jackson) put a small bulb on the far end of the bronchoscope for illumination, which increased brightness and field of view. Such instruments large lumen, foreign body and pathological convenience, but can not