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目的了解山东省学龄儿童血压偏高现状及相关影响因素,为防治儿童高血压提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取山东省6 895名7~17岁儿童进行血压和相关指标的测量,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果男女生收缩压和舒张压平均水平均随年龄增加而上升;总体上男生血压水平高于女生(P<0.001)。采用中国儿童血压参照标准,其血压偏高检出率为23.0%。男生高于女生,城市高于乡村,13~17岁组高于7~12岁组,超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖组高于正常组(P<0.001)。偏相关分析显示,血压与身高、体重、胸围、腰围、皮褶厚度、腰身比、体重指数、心率、肺活量呈正相关(P<0.05),与肺活量体重指数呈负相关(P<0.01),其中体重与血压的相关性最强。与血压正常者相比,血压偏高者身材较高,体形偏胖,肺通气功能偏低。结论超重肥胖和腹型肥胖是儿童高血压的重要危险因素。
Objective To understand the current situation of high blood pressure in school-age children in Shandong Province and its related influencing factors so as to provide basis for prevention and treatment of hypertension in children. Methods A stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to measure the blood pressure and related parameters of 6 895 children aged 7 to 17 in Shandong Province. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The average systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of boys and girls both increased with the increase of age. Overall, boys’ blood pressure was higher than girls (P <0.001). Using Chinese children’s blood pressure reference standard, the high blood pressure detection rate was 23.0%. The boys were higher than the girls and the cities were higher than the rural areas. The 13-17 age group was higher than the 7-12 age group, and overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity group were higher than the normal group (P <0.001). Partial correlation analysis showed that blood pressure was positively correlated with height, weight, chest circumference, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, body mass index, heart rate and vital capacity (P <0.05) Weight and blood pressure the strongest correlation. Compared with normal blood pressure, high blood pressure tall figure, body fat, lung ventilation function is low. Conclusion Overweight and abdominal obesity are important risk factors for hypertension in children.