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以陇东黄土旱塬已进行7年的田间定位试验为基础,分析了免耕和传统耕作条件下5个施肥处理冬小麦收获期土壤水分、土壤容重(2011年)及土壤养分和产量(2005—2011年)变化,探讨了耕作方式和施肥对冬小麦-春玉米轮作农田土壤蓄水保墒效果及土壤肥力和产量的影响.结果表明:2011年免耕条件下0～200cm各土层土壤含水量、0～20cm和20～40cm土层土壤容重及土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量均高于传统耕作.相同耕作条件下氮磷化肥与有机肥配施处理的土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量高于其他施肥处理;不同耕作方式及施肥处理下速效钾呈逐年减少的趋势;传统翻耕处理的产量高于免耕,相同耕作条件下氮磷化肥与有机肥配施处理产量最高,不施肥对照产量最低.不同耕作方式和施肥处理的土壤蓄水保墒能力和肥力效应以免耕优于传统翻耕,产量以传统翻耕下有机无机肥配施处理最好.
Based on the field experiment of 7 years in Longdong Loess Plateau, the effects of five fertilization treatments on soil moisture, soil bulk density (2011) and soil nutrient and yield during winter wheat harvesting under zero-tillage and conventional tillage were analyzed. 2011), and discussed the effects of tillage and fertilization on soil moisture retention and soil moisture and yield of winter wheat-spring maize rotation farmland.The results showed that soil moisture content of 0-200cm soil layer under no-till conditions in 2011, The soil bulk density, soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0 ~ 20cm and 20 ~ 40cm soil layers were higher than those in conventional tillage.Compared with the conventional tillage, the contents of soil organic matter, available N and available P Higher than other fertilization treatments; under different tillage methods and fertilization treatments, the available potassium decreased year by year; the yield of traditional tillage treatments was higher than that of no-tillage. Under the same tillage conditions, N and P fertilizers and organic fertilizers had the highest yield, The control yield was the lowest.Under different tillage methods and fertilization treatments, soil water storage and soil fertility and soil fertility were no-tillage superior to the traditional tillage, the yield of traditional tillage under organic tillage Best fertilizer treatment.