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目的了解甘肃省平凉市突发公共卫生事件发生风险因素和防控能力现状,为社会体制转轨期完善各类突发公共卫生事件应对机制提供依据。方法采用现场和纸质填报,对平凉市突发公共卫生事件发生风险、概况、应对成效和卫生应急三大体系建设情况进行流行病学定性调查。结果 2006—2012年平凉市累计报告各类突发公共卫生事件69起,事件波及7个县(区)41个乡(镇),累计发病3 103例,死亡13例,事件波及人口数30.98万人,罹患率1.00%,病死率0.42%;较大事件2起,一般事件46起,未分级事件21起;其中传染病事件60起,占同期总起数86.96%,食物中毒事件6起,波及人口数1 020人,罹患率15.59%,病死率0.63%;环境因素事件2起。结论平凉市突发公共卫生事件防控框架已建立,但在社会体制转轨期不可预测的突发公共卫生事件潜在风险大,今后应对各类突发公共卫生事件应急处置,还必须强化政府领导,提高预警意识,统筹经费保障,落实卫生监督、疾病控制两大体系人力资源梯队建设,加强实验室检测检验和科研支撑能力才能更好地防患于未然。
Objective To understand the current risk factors and prevention and control abilities of public health emergencies in Pingliang City, Gansu Province, and to provide evidences for improving the coping mechanism of various public health emergencies in the transition period of social system. Methods Field and paper reports were used to conduct a qualitative epidemiological survey on the three major systems of risk, general situation, response effectiveness and emergency response to public health emergencies in Pingliang City. Results A total of 69 public health emergencies of all kinds were reported in Pingliang City from 2006 to 2012. The incident spread to 41 townships (towns) in 7 counties (districts). A total of 3 103 cases were reported and 13 deaths were caused. The incident affected population of 309,800 People, the attack rate of 1.00%, the fatality rate of 0.42%; 2 major events, general events 46, unfractionated events 21; of which 60 infectious diseases, accounting for the same period the total number of 86.96%, 6 food poisoning incidents, Affected population of 1 020 people, the attack rate of 15.59%, the case fatality rate of 0.63%; environmental factors from 2 events. Conclusion The prevention and control framework for public health emergencies in Pingliang City has been established. However, the potential risks of unexpected public health incidents that are unpredictable in the transitional period of social system are large. In the future, all public health emergency emergencies should be dealt with urgently and promptly. Government leadership, Improve early warning awareness, overall funding guarantee, implementation of health supervision, disease control two systems of human resources echelon construction, strengthening laboratory testing and scientific research support ability to better take preventive measures.