20世纪以来,基于标准进行教育问责成为许多国家治理和改善学生学业成就、提高学校教育教学质量的重要手段。美国把质量管理的标准和模式引入基础教育管理与评价体系,投射出美国教育问责的制度变革与实践的创新:问责改革实现了从“过程”到“结果”的转向;标准驱动的质量管理;基于专业的教育评价;责任共享的绩效激励。 Since the 20th century, education accountability based on standards has become an important means for many countries to govern and improve their academic achievements and improve the quality of education in schools. The United States introduced the standards and models of quality management into the management and evaluation system of basic education and projected the institutional innovation and practice of educational accountability in the United States: the reform of accountability has shifted from “process” to “result” Standard-driven quality management; based on professional education evaluation; responsibility-sharing performance incentives.