一、前言通常,炭素材料是电和热的良好导体,同时,在非氧化气氛下它又是耐热性、耐药品性、润滑性优良的材料,尤其是易加工成高精度的、与熔融金属和玻璃不浸润、不粘着的材料,因此,在冶金、电气、机械、原子能各个领域得到了广泛的应用。但是另一方面,炭素材料又有耐磨耗性及机械强度低、耐氧化性差等缺点。近年来,为了克服 First, the preface Usually, carbon material is a good conductor of electricity and heat, at the same time, in non-oxidizing atmosphere it is heat-resistant, chemical resistance, excellent lubricity of materials, especially easy to process into high-precision, and Molten metal and glass are non-wetting, non-sticking materials, therefore, in metallurgy, electrical, mechanical, atomic energy has been widely used in various fields. However, on the other hand, carbon materials have the disadvantages of abrasion resistance, low mechanical strength and poor oxidation resistance. In recent years, in order to overcome