对一个已经吃饱的人来说,多吃一个馒头不会增加幸福感,对一个饥饿的人来说,哪怕能吃到半个馒头,就是莫大的幸福。所以,从社会效益最大化来说,当前迫切需要解决的,是提高中下层人民群众的收入,而不是提高所有人的收入。美国人罗尔斯在《正义论》当中提出了关于正义的两条原则:第一条是所谓平等的自由原则,即每个人应该在社会 For a person already full, eating a bread will not increase the sense of happiness, for a hungry person, even if you can eat half a bread, is a great happiness. Therefore, from the point of view of maximizing social benefits, the current urgent need to be solved is to raise the income of the middle and lower classes of people instead of raising the income of all. In the “Theory of Justice,” Rawls put forward two principles of justice: the first is the so-called principle of equality and freedom, that is, everyone should be in society