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耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)是目前临床结核病治疗的难题之一,快速检出耐多药的结核分枝杆菌(MTB),指导临床选择有效抗结核药物,制定合理的化疗方案,是控制MDR-TB的关键.目前抗结核药物的药物敏感性试验(简称“药敏试验”)方法主要有下列三类:一是建立在细菌生长基础上的药敏试验方法;二是建立在基因多态性分析基础上的分子药敏试验方法;三是建立在耐药MTB特异组分基础上的色谱、质谱方法.作者概要地介绍了MTB的药敏试验方法,以及联合应用现有药敏检测技术以提高临床对MDR-TB的诊断率.“,”At present,multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the difficult problems in clinical treatment of tuberculosis.The rapid detection of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB),to guide the clini cal selection of effective anti-TB drugs,to determine reasonable chemotherapy regimen,were the key points to control MDR-TB.There are mainly three kinds of anti-TB drug sensitivity test methods as follow:(1) the anti-TB drug sensitivity test methods based on bacterial growth;(2) the molecular drug sensitivity test methods based on the gene polymorphism analyses;(3) the chromatography and mass spectrometry methods based on specific components of drug-resistant MTB.This paper briefly introduces the MTB drug sensitivity test methods,and the combined use of the existing drug sensitivity testing techniques,to improve the clinical diagnosis rate of MDR-TB.