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在氨挥发模拟系统中,调查施于土壤中碳酸氢铵挥发的过程及其影响因子。发现氨挥发在施肥后迅速发生,13h以内以氨的形态挥发损失掉的肥料氮量最多,这种损失与碳酸氢铵在土壤中的暴露表面有关。施肥方法、浇施碳酸氢铵的兑水量和土壤的水分状况等亦影响氨的挥发。在红黄壤和青紫泥中,条施覆土可减少碳酸氢铵的挥发,与过磷酸钙混合施用,48h内的挥发损失量可减少2％。当在露天或室内从盆钵土上加水淋溶,调查施用于土壤中碳酸氢铵的淋溶损失时,发现碳酸氢铵的淋溶损失(指纵向的损失)比挥发损失少得多。淋溶损失主要以NO_3~-—N的形式,也包括部分NH_4~+—N。碳酸氢铵与硝化抑制剂脒基硫脲(Carbamido sulphururea,简称ASU)混合施用,可以减少NO_3~-—N损失。浇施时NH_4~+—N比穴施损失小。
In the ammonia volatilization simulation system, the process of volatilization of ammonium bicarbonate applied to the soil and its influencing factors were investigated. Ammonia volatilization was found to occur rapidly after fertilization. Within 13 hours, the amount of nitrogen lost to fertilizer volatilized in the form of ammonia was the most, which was related to the exposed surface of ammonium bicarbonate in the soil. Fertilization methods, pouring ammonium bicarbonate watered and soil moisture conditions also affect ammonia volatilization. In red and yellow soil and purple purplish red clay, soil cover can reduce the ammonium bicarbonate volatilization, mixed with the superphosphate, volatile loss within 48h can be reduced by 2%. When leaching was leached from the bowl soil in the open air or indoors, the leaching loss (referred to as longitudinal loss) of ammonium bicarbonate was found to be much less than the loss of volatility when investigating the leaching loss of ammonium bicarbonate applied to the soil. Leaching loss mainly in the form of NO_3 ~ - N, but also part of NH_4 ~ + -N. Ammonium bicarbonate and nitrification inhibitor carbamimidyl thiourea (Carbamido sulphururea, referred to as ASU) mixed application, can reduce NO3 ~ - N loss. When pouring Shi NH_4 ~ + -N than the point of application of small losses.