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小学自然中年级教材中安排了归纳概括和演绎推理内容,目的在于提高学生的认识能力。教学中,应根据教材的编排体系,逐步教给学生一些基本的归纳概括方法,培养他们的逻辑思维能力。一、教材特点小学自然中年级教材内容虽然还是认识自然界常见的事物,但已由低年级“认识个别事物的显著特征”上升到认识同类事物的共同特征以及自然物体的性质、成分和种类,由认识自然现象上升到认识自然规律。观察能力也由定性观察上升到定量观察;思维能力除了对比、分类外,增加了归纳概括和演绎推理等较为复杂的思维方式;德育也有了进一步的要求。因此,教学中要采用与教学内容相应的认识方法。具体来讲,除观察、实
Primary natural middle school textbooks arranged to summarize and deduce the reasoning content, the purpose is to improve students' cognitive skills. Teaching, teaching materials should be based on the orchestration system, and gradually teach students some basic summary of induction methods to develop their ability to think logically. First, the characteristics of textbooks Primary school natural middle-grade textbooks, although still familiar to nature of things, but from the lower grades “to recognize the salient features of individual things” rose to recognize the common characteristics of similar things and the nature of natural objects, composition and type , From understanding natural phenomena to understanding the laws of nature. Observation ability rose from qualitative observation to quantitative observation; thinking ability in addition to contrast, classification, increased induction and generalization and deductive reasoning and other more complex ways of thinking; moral education has further requirements. Therefore, teaching should adopt the corresponding knowledge of teaching methods. Specifically, in addition to observation, real