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选取脂肪酸组分含量具有显著差异的5份大豆种质为材料,采用索氏抽提法、改良的籽粒直接甲酯化法和豆粉直接甲酯化法3种方法处理样品,利用气相色谱(GC)技术分析大豆5种脂肪酸棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的组分含量,并对3种样品处理方法进行比较分析。结果显示籽粒直接甲酯化法简便快捷,适用于低世代的单籽粒或半籽粒的样品量较少情况下测定大豆脂肪酸组成;豆粉直接甲酯化法适合大量样品的快速检测,可以避免长时间加热对脂肪酸组分的影响,测定结果相对准确;索氏抽提法适合样品量大,检测精度高,但样品前处理需要进行油份抽提,费工费时。精密度检测结果显示,改良的籽粒直接甲酯化法和豆粉直接甲酯化法与索氏抽提法在检测精度上没有显著差异,可以用于大豆籽粒的快速脂肪酸含量鉴定。
Five soybean germplasms with different content of fatty acids were selected as materials. The samples were treated by soxhlet extraction, modified direct methyl esterification and direct methyl esterification of soybean meal. Gas chromatography GC) were used to analyze the contents of five fatty acid palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in soybean and the comparative analysis of the three sample treatments. The results showed that the direct methyl esterification of grain was simple and quick, and the determination of soybean fatty acid composition was suitable when the sample number of single or semi-grain of lower generation was less. The direct methyl esterification of soybean powder was suitable for the rapid detection of a large number of samples, Time heating on the fatty acid composition, the determination results are relatively accurate; Soxhlet extraction method for large sample size, high precision, but the sample preparation requires oil extraction, time-consuming work. The results of the precision test showed that there was no significant difference between the modified direct methyl esterification method and direct soybean meal methyl esterification method and Soxhlet extraction method, which could be used to identify the rapid fatty acid content of soybean seeds.