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目的 了解测头颈部肿瘤患者真菌感染病原学特征, 指导临床真菌感染防控.方法 收集2013-2017年150例头颈部肿瘤患者临床资料, 对分离鉴定的真菌类型、感染率及耐药情况进行分析.结果 150例头颈部肿瘤患者共分离58株真菌, 分离率38.67％.其中白色假丝酵母菌、热带假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌、马尔尼非青霉菌、克柔假丝酵母菌、黑曲霉菌、其他真菌分别为23、14、10、6、2、2、1株.白色假丝酵母菌、热带假丝酵母菌和光滑假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、益康唑、酮康唑、氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B的耐药率分别为13.04％、52.17％、26.09％、4.35％、4.35％, 21.43％、50.00％、57.14％、7.14％、0.00％和60.00％、50.00％、20.00％、0.00％、0.00％.70例男性和80例女性患者分别分离真菌25和33株, 分离率分别为35.71％和41.25％.春、夏、秋、冬四季患者真菌分离率分别为35.14％ (13/37) 、50.98％ (26/51) 、33.33％ (11/33) 和27.59％ (8/29), 夏季分离率高于其他季节 (χ2=4.940 5, P=0.026 2) .住院时间 10 dat a rate of 25.00％.Eleven strains of fungi were isolated from 25 patients hospitalized for≥20 dat a rate of 44.00％.Fifteen strains of fungi were isolated from 28 patients hospitalized for≥30 dat a rate of53.57％.Seventeen strains of fungi were isolated from 21 patients hospitalized for≥40 dat a rate of 80.95％.The rate of fungal infection in patients hospitalized for≥40 ddiffered significantly from that in other patients (χ2=18.4109, P=0.0000).Fourteen strains of fungi were isolated from 55 patients with a stage I head and neck cancer at a rate of25.45％.Seventeen strains of fungi were isolated from 43 patients with stage II head and neck cancer at a rate of39.53％.Fifteen strains of fungi were isolated from 35 patients with stage III head and neck cancer at a rate of 42.86％.Twelve strains of fungi were isolated from 17 patients with stage IV head and neck cancer at a rate of 70.59％.The rate of fungal infection in patients with stage IV head and neck cancer differed significantly from that in other patients (χ2=14.1294, P=0.0002). Conclusion The fungus infecting patients with head and neck tumors was often Candida.The rate of infection was higher in patients who were hospitalized for longer, in patients who had more advanced cancer, and in the summer.These findings could guide the prevention and control of infections in clinical practice.