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目的评价健康管理干预绝经后骨质疏松高危人群的有效作用。方法为期1年的随机对照研究,对象为240名绝经后骨量减少妇女,随机分为两组,干预组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组),每组120人。Ⅰ组干预内容包括,每季度进行1次(30min～1h)的健康知识讲座、健康问题咨询和健康教育资料发放;生活方式调整包括平衡饮食,日晒(每天30min～2h,每周8h以上),有氧运动(每天30min～1h,每周3-5次),每天补充元素钙600mg和维生素D125IU。B组为对照组,饮食、运动及生活方式无特殊要求。所有对象每月随访一次,监测内容为信息采集与健康知识知晓率、健康信念持有率、健康行为形成率(健康知信行)变化,分别于干预前,干预6个月和12个月时测量腰椎(1-4)、髋部总量、股骨颈、Wards区、粗隆的骨密度。结果 195名患者1年后得到随访,干预组健康知、信、行自身比较优秀率明显提高;骨量变化:干预组与对照组比较,腰椎骨量变化有显著性提高(0.890±0.142g/cm~2/0.855±0.138g/cm~2,P=0.0459),腰椎骨量变化值(0.025±0.069/-0.003±0.095,P=0.0016)和髋部骨量变化值(0.015±0.105/-0.004±0.096,P=0.0217)均有统计学差异。结论经1年以教育和生活方式调整等为目的的健康管理干预,绝经后骨质疏松高危人群的相关危险因素和生活方式得到了有效地改善。
Objective To evaluate the effective effect of health management intervention on high risk population of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods A one-year, randomized controlled study of 240 postmenopausal women with osteopenia was randomly divided into two groups: intervention group (group Ⅰ) and control group (group Ⅱ), with 120 patients in each group. Group Ⅰ interventions include quarterly health lectures, health counseling and health education materials dissemination; life style adjustments include a balanced diet, exposure to the sun (daily for 30 min to 2 hours and weekly for more than 8 hours) , Aerobic exercise (daily 30min ~ 1h, 3-5 times a week), the daily supplement of elemental calcium 600mg and vitamin D125IU. Group B as the control group, diet, exercise and lifestyle no special requirements. All subjects were followed up monthly. The monitoring contents were the changes of awareness of health information collection and health knowledge, health belief and health behavior formation rate (health information), respectively, before intervention, 6 months and 12 months after intervention Lumbar (1-4), total hip, femoral neck, Wards area, trochanter bone mineral density. Results One hundred and nineteen patients were followed up one year later. The excellent rate of health knowledge, communication and self in the intervention group was significantly improved. The bone mass change was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (0.890 ± 0.142 g / The bone mass change of lumbar (0.025 ± 0.069 / -0.003 ± 0.095, P = 0.0016) and the change of hip bone mass (0.015 ± 0.105 / - 0.004 ± 0.096, P = 0.0217) were statistically different. Conclusions After one year of health management intervention aimed at adjusting education and life style, the related risk factors and lifestyle of postmenopausal women with high risk of osteoporosis have been effectively improved.