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为探讨ＨＢＶ感染与肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）发生之间关系，作者应用原位聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲＩＳ）对２６例肝癌、２３例癌旁肝组织的石蜡切片进行了ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检测，检出率分别为８４．６％和９１．３％，明显高于原位核酸杂交（ＩＳＨ）的５３．８％（１４／２６）和５６．５％（１３／２３）；亦高于从患者血清和ＨＣＣ组织提取ＤＮＡ后行聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增的５７．７％（１５／２６）和５５．６％（５／９）。用ＰＣＲＩＳ方法，ＨＣＣ组织细胞中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性颗粒强度、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性细胞数和组织切片的清晰度均高于ＩＳＨ。ＰＣＲＩＳ既显示了ＰＣＲ技术的高敏性和特异性，又能在细胞内定位。本结果显示我国ＨＣＣ的发生与ＨＢＶ感染密切相关。
To investigate the relationship between HBV infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the authors used in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCRIS) to detect HBV DNA in paraffin sections of 26 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 23 paraneoplastic liver tissues. They were 84.6% and 91.3%, respectively, significantly higher than the 53.8% (14/26) and 56.5% (13/23) of in situ nucleic acid hybridization (ISH); HCC tissues extracted 57.7% (15/26) and 55.6% (5/9) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after DNA extraction. Using PCRIS method, the intensity of HBVDNA-positive particles, the number of HBVDNA-positive cells, and the clarity of tissue sections in HCC tissue cells were higher than those of ISH. PCRIS shows both the high sensitivity and specificity of the PCR technique, as well as localization within the cell. This result shows that the occurrence of HCC in China is closely related to HBV infection.