Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells(pE SCs), as “seed cells” for regenerative medicine, are an effective way to build patient-specific pluripotent stem cells, due to the fact that characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotent are similar to embryonic stem cells(ESCs). Parthenogenetic activation can be performed at meiosis I or meiosis II describing the embryos with distinct patterns of homozygosity and heterozygosity.Heterozygous pE SCs are expected to be used for autologous transplantation, while homozygous pE SCs enable to be used for allogeneic gene therapy in theory but is hampered by immunological barriers defined by the recognition of natural killer(NK)cells. In this review, we describe the mechanism of deriving heterozygous and homozygous pE SCs, and summarize the advantages and limitations of pE SCs in the area of cell therapy. Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (pE SCs), as “seed cells ” for regenerative medicine, are an effective way to build patient-specific pluripotent stem cells, due to the fact that characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotent are similar to embryonic stems cells (ESCs). Parthenogenetic activation can be performed at meiosis I or meiosis II describing the embryos with distinct patterns of homozygosity and heterozygosity. Heterozygous pE SCs ​​are expected to be used for autologous transplantation, while homozygous pE SCs ​​enable to be used for allogeneic genes therapy in theory but is hampered by immunological barriers defined by the recognition of natural killer (NK) cells. In this review, we describe the mechanism of deriving heterozygous and homozygous pE SCs, and summarize the advantages and limitations of pE SCs ​​in the area of cell therapy.