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以四倍体栽培种花生仲恺花4号为母本、二倍体野生种花生Arachis chacoensis为父本,对其种间杂种F1及人工加倍获得的异源六倍体S0及自交世代(S1~S3)植株的植物学性状和花粉育性进行观察,采用SSR标记研究各世代的基因组变化情况。结果显示随着自交的进行,F1~S3植株的总分枝数、第一对侧枝长和花旗瓣宽变异系数分别达到48.48%、34.56%和13.74%,表现出明显的不稳定性;F1~S3的花粉萌发率分别为0、11.03%、10.58%、16.44%和18.53%,花粉育性随着世代的增加逐渐增强;扩增出的微卫星条带在F l开始发生变化,主要包括为亲本片段的丢失、跳跃式继承和新片段的产生,随着世代的增加表现出稳定的趋势,表明微卫星及侧翼区域变化剧烈而快速,其生物学功能可能与多倍体进化过程有关。
The tetraploid cultivar Zhongkanyan 4 was used as female parent and the diploid wild peanut Arachis chacoensis as the male parent. The interspecific hybrid F1 and artificial diploid hexaploid S0 and selfed generation (S1 ~ S3) plant morphology and pollen fertility were observed using SSR markers to study the genomic changes of each generation. The results showed that with the selfing, the total number of branches, the first pair of lateral branch length and the width coefficient of variation of 48.5% and 13.74% of F1 were significantly higher than F1 The pollen germination rates of ~ S3 were 0, 11.03%, 10.58%, 16.44% and 18.53%, respectively. The pollen fertility increased gradually with the increase of generations. The amplified microsatellite bands began to change at F 1, The loss of the parental fragments, the leaping inheritance and the generation of new fragments showed a stable trend with the increase of generations, indicating that the microsatellite and flanking regions changed rapidly and violently, and its biological function may be related to the evolution of polyploidy.