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根据三维地震地质模型对地震数据进行模拟是从勘探到生产的周期内决策过程中的一个不可或缺的组成部分。虽然对于在储层内的动力过程和地震地质的模型表述已经取得很大进展,但如何从这些模型得到地震数据的精确模拟仍面临很多挑战。通常是在地球模型范围内根据物性用一维褶积方法来模拟地震数据。然而这个过程一般不考虑地震勘探布局和盖层对地震信号的影响。我们审视了为什么这些因素会制约三维地球模型的有效性,并考虑了为什么需要把盖层和地震勘探布局对三维覆盖和分辨率的影响加进模拟过程之中。我们提出了一种新方法,把建立物性模型和一种新的地震模拟技术结合起来,给出一个工作流程;利用这个流程,勘探工作者可以很快模拟出三维的PSDM数据,这些数据加进了盖层和地震勘探布局对覆盖及分辨率的影响。我们利用从远离挪威海岸的一个油田得到的数据,在考虑覆盖和分辨率效应的地震数据模拟之前,对岩石物性做了一些扰动,然后进行地震数据模拟,以此来说明如何可以用这种方法提高三维地球模型的精确性和增进我们对储层的了解。
Simulating seismic data from 3D seismic geological models is an integral part of the decision-making process from exploration to production. Although great progress has been made in the modeling of dynamical processes and seismic geology in reservoirs, how to get accurate seismic data from these models still faces many challenges. Earthquakes are usually modeled by one-dimensional convolution based on physical properties over the Earth model. However, this process generally does not consider the influence of the seismic layout and cover on seismic signals. We examine why these factors constrain the validity of the 3D Earth model and consider why the effects of caprocks and seismic layouts on 3D coverage and resolution need to be incorporated into the simulation. We propose a new approach that combines the establishment of a physical model with a new seismic simulation technique to provide a workflow in which the surveyor can quickly simulate three-dimensional PSDM data that is added The influence of cover and seismic exploration layout on coverage and resolution. Using data from an oil field far away from the Norwegian coast, we perturbed the petrophysical properties of the rock before taking into account seismic data simulations of coverage and resolution effects and then performed seismic data simulations to illustrate how this can be done Improve the accuracy of the 3D Earth model and enhance our understanding of the reservoir.