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作为科学合理性评价的主体，既包括科学共同体，也包括整个社会。科学共同体在评价科学的合理性不仅仅依据科学的经验内容和逻辑标准，而且还受到科学家自身的状况及其心理—社会因素等等的影响。科学权威是科学合理性评价中最活跃、最有效能的阶层。科学的价值经过科学共同体的评价得到专业团体的认可，但其最终确立还有赖于社会确认，即科学作为人类认识的成果被社会所接受，并加入到现有社会文化系统之中。
As the main body of scientific rationality evaluation, it includes both scientific community and society as a whole. Scientific community in evaluating the rationality of science not only based on scientific experience and logical standards, but also by the scientists themselves and their psychological - social factors and so on. Scientific authority is the most active and effective class in the evaluation of scientific rationality. The value of science has been recognized by professional bodies after its evaluation by the scientific community. However, its final establishment depends on social confirmation that science, as a result of human knowledge, is accepted by society and added to existing social and cultural systems.