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X射线脉冲星导航利用X射线辐射脉冲到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)作为信息输入,星敏感器导航利用星光角距等作为信息输入,是两种不同机理的天文导航方法。提出一种将脉冲星TOA和星敏感器星光角距测量结合的信息融合天文自主导航方法,设计了一种利用激光光量子模拟脉冲星X射线辐射光子的半物理仿真系统用于算法验证,并基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)使用真轨道参数做了仿真试验。结果表明,基于UKF的信息融合方法比基于EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)的信息融合方法性能更好,与仅使用脉冲星或星敏感器的导航方法相比,能将位置估计精度分别提高52.7%和43.6%,速度估计精度分别提高82.2%和70.5%。
X-ray pulsar navigation utilizes the time of arrival (TOA) of the X-ray radiation as the input of information, and the star sensor navigation utilizes the star-light angle as the input of information. It is two different types of astronomical navigation methods. An information fusion method of astronomical autonomous navigation combining the pulsar TOA with the star-sensor star-angle measurement is proposed. A semi-physical simulation system using laser photon to simulate pulsar X-ray photons is designed and used to verify the algorithm. Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is a simulation experiment using true orbit parameters. The results show that the information fusion method based on UKF performs better than the information fusion method based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Compared with the navigation method using only pulsar or star sensor, the UKF can improve the position estimation accuracy by 52.7% and 43.6%, the speed estimation accuracy increased by 82.2% and 70.5% respectively.