日本旧民法系效仿《法国民法典》第1385条之规定,责任者为所有人和使用人,免责事由仅为意外事件及不可抗力。现行民法规定占有人或保管人作为责任者,责任根据在于危险责任基础上中间责任。学说和判例共同协力,对民法典第718条进行解释构造,积累了丰富判例,促进了动物责任制度的发展和进步。 Japan’s old civil law system to follow the “French Civil Code,” the provisions of Article 1385, the person responsible for the owner and the user, the only exemption from accidents and force majeure. The current civil law provides that the owner or custodian should be responsible and that the liability is based on the intermediate liability on the basis of dangerous liability. Doctrine and precedent work together to interpret the structure of Article 718 of the Civil Code and accumulate rich jurisprudence to promote the development and progress of animal responsibility system.